Table 3.
Difference in cognitive score by gender-specific quartiles of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC at visit 2, ARIC Study, 1990–1992.
| FEV1 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DWR | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.32 (−0.40, −0.24) | −0.15 (−0.23, −0.08) | −0.10 (−0.17, −0.02) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −0.15 (−0.24, −0.07) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) | Ref | 0.0005 |
| Model 3 | −0.18 (−0.32, −0.04) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.09) | −0.10 (−0.21, 0.01) | Ref | 0.03 |
| DSS | |||||
| Model 1 | −4.81 (−5.44, −4.18) | −2.82 (−3.42, −2.23) | −1.44 (−2.02, −0.85) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −1.63 (−2.20, −1.07) | −0.80 (−1.31, −0.28) | −0.59 (−1.09, −0.10) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | −2.09 (−3.01, −1.17) | −0.69 (−1.48, 0.09) | −0.69 (−1.43, 0.04) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| WF | |||||
| Model 1 | −3.58 (−4.27, −2.89) | −1.92 (−2.58, −1.26) | −1.25 (−1.89, −0.61) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −1.15 (−1.80, −0.50) | −0.22 (−0.81, 0.37) | −0.46 (−1.02, 0.11) | Ref | 0.0003 |
| Model 3 | −0.98 (−2.00, 0.03) | 0.33 (−0.54, 1.20) | −0.54 (−1.36, 0.27) | Ref | 0.02 |
| FVC | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend |
| DWR | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.32 (−0.40, −0.24) | −0.15 (−0.23, −0.07) | −0.07 (−0.15, 0.00) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −0.15 (−0.23, −0.06) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.05) | Ref | 0.0001 |
| Model 3 | −0.18 (−0.31, −0.04) | −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06) | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.10) | Ref | 0.01 |
| DSS | |||||
| Model 1 | −5.01 (−5.65, −4.37) | −2.84 (−3.43, −2.24) | −1.64 (−2.22, −1.06) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −1.71 (−2.28, −1.14) | −0.94 (−1.45, −0.42) | −0.61 (−1.11, −0.12) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | −2.32 (−3.22, −1.42) | −1.11 (−1.92, −0.30) | −0.88 (−1.64, −0.12) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| WF | |||||
| Model 1 | −3.91 (−4.62, −3.21) | −2.27 (−2.93, −1.61) | −1.24 (−1.88, −0.60) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −1.11 (−1.76, −0.45) | −0.59 (−1.19, 0.00) | −0.32 (−0.89, 0.24) | Ref | 0.0002 |
| Model 3 | −1.12 (−2.12, −0.12) | −0.19 (−1.08, 0.71) | −0.19 (−1.03, 0.65) | Ref | 0.01 |
| FEV1/FVC | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend |
| DWR | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.14) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.14) | Ref | 0.19 |
| Model 2 | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.11) | 0.06 (−0.02, 0.14) | 0.07 (−0.01, 0.14) | Ref | 0.68 |
| Model 3 | 0.06 (−0.07, 0.19) | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.12) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.18) | Ref | 0.54 |
| DSS | |||||
| Model 1 | −1.22 (−1.82, −0.61) | 0.31 (−0.29, 0.90) | 0.18 (−0.41, 0.76) | Ref | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −0.42 (−0.96, 0.12) | 0.14 (−0.36, 0.65) | 0.13 (−0.37, 0.62) | Ref | 0.03 |
| Model 3 | 0.03 (−0.86, 0.93) | 0.26 (−0.50, 1.01) | 0.83 (0.12, 1.54) | Ref | 0.69 |
| WF | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.17 (−0.83, 0.49) | 0.63 (−0.02, 1.29) | −0.09 (−0.73, 0.55) | Ref | 0.25 |
| Model 2 | −0.03 (−0.65, 0.59) | 0.29 (−0.29, 0.87) | −0.14 (−0.71, 0.42) | Ref | 0.85 |
| Model 3 | −0.21 (−1.19, 0.78) | 0.12 (−0.71, 0.96) | 0.00 (−0.78, 0.79) | Ref | 0.71 |
DWR: Delayed Word Recall test; DSS: Digit Symbol Substitution test; WF: Word Fluency test
Model 1: General linear model adjusted for age, gender, and race.
Model 2: As model 1, adjusted additionally for study center, cigarette smoking, pack-years of smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, APOE genotype, use of hypertension medications, diabetes, use of lipid lowering medications, education, occupation, income and sports-related physical activity.
Model 3: As model 2, but restricted to non-smokers in visit 2