Table 4.
Difference in cognitive score by patterns of ventilatory function at visit 2, ARIC Study, 1990–1992
| Normal pattern | Obstructive pattern | Restrictive pattern | Mixed pattern | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 7969 | 1912 | 642 | 452 |
| DWR | ||||
| Model 1 | Ref | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) | −0.27 (−0.39, −0.16) | −0.22 (−0.36, −0.09) |
| Model 2 | Ref | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.06) | −0.17 (−0.28, −0.06) | −0.07 (−0.21, 0.07) |
| Model 3 | Ref | 0.05 (−0.09, 0.20) | −0.19 (−0.37, −0.01) | −0.19 (−0.54, 0.17) |
| DSS | ||||
| Model 1 | Ref | −1.30 (−1.86, −0.74) | −2.58 (−3.47, −1.69) | −4.58 (−5.63, −3.54) |
| Model 2 | Ref | −0.53 (−1.03, −0.04) | −0.71 (−1.47, 0.05) | −1.63 (−2.55, −0.72) |
| Model 3 | Ref | −0.27 (−1.22, 0.68) | −1.82 (−3.04, −0.61) | −1.64 (−4.01, 0.73) |
| WF | ||||
| Model 1 | Ref | −0.14 (−0.76, 0.47) | −2.48 (−3.46, −1.50) | −2.76 (−3.91, −1.60) |
| Model 2 | Ref | 0.08 (−0.48, 0.64) | −1.16 (−2.02, −0.29) | −1.00 (−2.04, 0.05) |
| Model 3 | Ref | 0.74 (−0.31, 1.78) | −1.47 (−2.81, −0.13) | −2.91 (−5.52, −0.30) |
DWR: Delayed Word Recall test; DSS: Digit Symbol Substitution test; WF: Word Fluency test
Model 1: General linear model adjusted for age, gender, and race.
Model 2: As model 1, adjusted additionally for study center, cigarette smoking, pack-years of smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, APOE genotype, use of hypertension medications, diabetes, use of lipid lowering medications, education, occupation, income and sports-related physical activity.
Model 3: As model 2, but restricted to non-smokers in visit 2