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. 2011 Mar;11(1):48–57.

Table 2.

Knowledge of causes, transmission of HPV, risks and symptoms of cervical cancer

Variable Correct Incorrect
response response
No (%) No (%)
Causes
HPV infection* 53 (38.7%) 84 (61.3%)
Genetic predisposition* 32 (23.4%) 105 (76.6%)
Certain foods 131 (95.6%) 6 (4.4%)
Bacterial infections 103 (75.2%) 34(24.8%)
Transmission
Sexual intercourse* 83 (60.6%) 54 (39.4%)
Direct genital contact* 38 (27.7%) 99 (72.3%)
Kissing 137 (100%) 0 (0%)
Body fluids 112 (81.8%) 25 (18.2%)
Drinking unsafe water 135 (98.5%) 2 (1.5%)
Mother to child transmission 130 (94.9%) 7 (5.1%)
Air droplets 136 (99.3%) 1 (0.7%)
Risks
Smoking* 28 (20.4%) 109 (79.6%)
Alcohol 123 (89.8%) 14 (10.2%)
Multiple sexual partners* 65 (47.4%) 72 (52.6%)
History of HPV infection* 60 (43.8%) 77 (56.2%)
Early sexual debut* 51 (37.2%) 86 (62.8%)
Impaired immunity* 11 (8.0%) 126 (92%)
Use of IUCD 119 (86.9%) 18 (13.1%)
Poor hygiene 136 (99.3%) 1 (0.7%)
Symptoms
Post coital bleeding* 63 (46%) 74 (54%)
Inter-menstrual bleeding* 13 (9.5%) 124 (90.5%)
Blood stained vaginal discharge* 73 (53.3%) 64 (46.7%)
Fever 134 (97.8%) 3 (2.2%)
Headache 136 (99.3%) 1 (0.7%)
Pelvic pain* 26 (19%) 111(81%)
Post-menopausal bleeding* 52 (38%) 85 (62%)
Painful coitus* 59 (43.1%) 78 (56.9%)

Respondents were allowed to select more than one option* = correct answer