Table 3. Association of African-American race with coronary artery calcification adjusted for age and individual risk factors.

Variable adjusted for	Males n = 576	Females n = 285	Allan = 861
Age	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.77) (p = 0.015)	0.17 (0.11–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Duration of diabetes	0.13 (0.07–0.22) (p < 0.001)	0.25 (0.09–0.73) (p = 0.011)	0.16 (0.10–0.27) (p < 0.001)
HbA1c	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.76) (p = 0.014)	0.17 (0.10–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Smoking history	0.12 (0.07–0.22) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.74) (p = 0.012)	0.16 (0.10–0.26) (p < 0.001)
Systolic blood pressure	0.13 (0.07–0.23) (p < 0.001)	0.29 (0.10–0.85) (p = 0.025)	0.17 (0.10–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Diastolic blood pressure	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.80) (p = 0.018)	0.18 (0.11–0.29) (p < 0.001)
Total cholesterol	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.76) (p = 0.014)	0.17 (0.11–0.28) (p < 0.001)
LDL cholesterol	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.75) (p = 0.013)	0.18 (0.11–0.29) (p < 0.001)
HDL cholesterol	0.14 (0.08–0.25) (p < 0.001)	0.31 (0.11–0.93) (p = 0.036)	0.19 (0.12–0.31) (p < 0.001)
Triglycerides	0.15 (0.08–0.26) (p < 0.001)	0.48 (0.15–1.49) (p = 0.201)	0.20 (0.12–0.34) (p < 0.001)
VLDL cholesterol	0.14 (0.08–0.25) (p < 0.001)	0.37 (0.12–1.08) (p = 0.068)	0.20 (0.12–0.32) (p < 0.001)
Apolipoprotein A-I	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.78) (p = 0.016)	0.18 (0.11–0.29) (p < 0.001)
Apolipoprotein A-II	0.13 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.79) (p = 0.017)	0.17 (0.11–028) (p < 0.001)
Apolipoprotein B	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.80) (p = 0.018)	0.17 (0.11–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Framingham risk score	0.13 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.76) (p = 0.014)	0.17 (0.10–0.28) (p < 0.001)
BMI	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.78) (p = 0.016)	0.17 (0.11–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Waist circumference	0.15 (0.09–0.26) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.80) (p = 0.018)	0.19 (0.11–0.30) (p < 0.001)
Metabolic syndrome	0.14 (0.08–0.25) (p < 0.001)	0.26 (0.09–0.76) (p = 0.014)	0.18 (0.11–0.30) (p < 0.001)
Leptin	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.27 (0.09–0.81) (p = 0.020)	0.17 (0.10–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Adiponectin	0.14 (0.08–0.25) (p < 0.001)	0.30 (0.10–0.88) (p = 0.028)	0.19 (0.11–0.31) (p < 0.001)
CRP	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.24 (0.08–0.69) (p = 0.008)	0.17 (0.10–0.28) (p < 0.001)
IL-6	0.15 (0.08–0.30) (p < 0.001)	0.21 (0.07–0.66) (p = 0.008)	0.18 (0.10–0.33) (p < 0.001)
HOMA2-IR	0.16 (0.09–0.30) (p < 0.001)	0.28 (0.08–1.03) (p = 0.055)	0.20 (0.11–0.35) (p < 0.001)
Alcohol use	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.33 (0.11–0.97) (p = 0.044)	0.19 (0.11–0.31) (p < 0.001)
Exercise	0.14 (0.08–0.24) (p < 0.001)	0.28 (0.10–0.82) (p = 0.020)	0.17 (0.11–0.28) (p < 0.001)
Post-menopausal		0.25 (0.08–0.73) (p = 0.012)

Results are presented as age-adjusted Tobit ratios (95% confidence intervals) of increase in CAC scores of AA vs. Whites.

^aAdjusted for age and gender.