Table 1 Baseline characteristics and propensity score matched baseline characteristics at inclusion. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Baseline | Propensity score matched baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients not treated with PPIs (n=15 619) | Patients treated with PPIs (n=4306) | P value for difference | Patients not treated with PPIs (n=4159) | Patients treated with PPIs (n=4159) | P value for difference | ||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 69.9 (13.0) | 72.7 (12.3) | <0.001 | 72.7 (12.6) | 72.5 (12.1) | 0.48 | |
| Men | 9638 (61.7) | 2318 (53.8) | <0.001 | 2212 (53.2) | 2242 (53.9) | 0.51 | |
| Income group: | <0.001 | 0.71 | |||||
| 0 | 3331 (21.3) | 888 (20.6) | 893 (21.5) | 857 (20.6) | |||
| 1 | 3196 (20.5) | 1056 (24.5) | 999 (24.0) | 1002 (24.1) | |||
| 2 | 3007 (19.3) | 980 (22.8) | 936 (22.5) | 949 (22.8) | |||
| 3 | 3171 (20.3) | 8123 (18.9) | 752 (18.1) | 791 (19.0) | |||
| 3 | 2914 (18.7) | 570 (13.2) | 579 (13.9) | 560 (13.5) | |||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 879 (5.6) | 253 (5.9) | 0.53 | 235 (5.7) | 249 (6.0) | 0.51 | |
| Medical condition: | |||||||
| Shock | 116 (0.7) | 74 (1.7) | <0.001 | 53 (1.3) | 61(1.5) | 0.45 | |
| Diabetes with complications | 721(4.6) | 244 (5.7) | 0.005 | 192 (4.6) | 231(5.6) | 0.05 | |
| Peptic ulcer | 68 (0.4) | 186 (4.3) | <0.001 | 68 (1.6) | 72 (1.7) | 0.73 | |
| Pulmonary oedema | 193 (1.2) | 62 (1.4) | 0.29 | 59 (1.4) | 59 (1.4) | 1.00 | |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 647 (4.1) | 276 (6.4) | <0.001 | 240 (5.8) | 255 (6.1) | 0.49 | |
| Cancer | 61 (0.4) | 27 (0.6) | 0.04 | 19 (0.5) | 25 (0.6) | 0.36 | |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 1646 (10.5) | 547 (12.7) | <0.001 | 492 (11.8) | 520 (12.5) | 0.35 | |
| Acute renal failure | 75 (0.5) | 73 (1.7) | <0.001 | 49 (1.2) | 54 (1.3) | 0.62 | |
| Chronic renal failure | 103 (0.7) | 116 (2.7) | <0.001 | 86 (2.1) | 91 (2.2) | 0.70 | |
| Prescribed drugs: | |||||||
| Loop diuretics | 7015 (44.9) | 2467 (57.3) | <0.001 | 2346 (56.4) | 2365 (56.9) | 0.67 | |
| Spironolactone | 1374 (8.8) | 577 (13.4) | <0.001 | 510 (12.3) | 556 (13.4) | 0.13 | |
| Statins | 6920 (44.3) | 1960 (45.5) | 0.16 | 1953 (47.0) | 1907 (45.9) | 0.31 | |
| β blockers | 11 157 (71.4) | 2993 (69.5) | 0.01 | 2926 (70.4) | 2891 (69.5) | 0.40 | |
| ACE inhibitors | 6553 (42.0) | 1890 (43.9) | 0.02 | 1891 (45.5) | 1829 (44.0) | 0.17 | |
| Antidiabetes drugs | 1847 (11.8) | 513 (14.2) | <0.001 | 531 (12.8) | 587 (14.1) | 0.07 | |
| Vitamin K antagonist | 1169 (7.5) | 353 (8.2) | 0.12 | 318 (7.7) | 343 (8.3) | 0.31 | |
PPIs=proton pump inhibitors; ACE=angiotensin converting enzyme.