Table 2.
Correlation between DNA hypermethylation and clinico-pathological parameters of ESCC patients (n = 47)
| Frequency of methylation (%) | |||||||||||
| p16 | p14 | DAPK | RAR-β | CDH1 | APC | TIMP3 | MGMT | RASSF1A | FHIT | ≥2 genes | |
| Gender | |||||||||||
| male | 43.2 | 16.2 | 40.5 | 48.6 | 43.2 | 13.5 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 73.0 |
| female | 50.0 | 10.0 | 70.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 80.0 |
| p value | 0.734 | 1 | 0.154 | 0.73 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.317 | 0.029 | 1 | 1 |
| Age group (year) | |||||||||||
| <60 | 36.0 | 20.0 | 48.0 | 32.0 | 40.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 72.0 |
| <60 | 54.5 | 9.1 | 45.5 | 63.6 | 45.5 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 77.3 |
| p value | 0.248 | 0.423 | 1 | 0.042 | 0.773 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.593 | 0.747 |
| Size (cm)* | |||||||||||
| <5 | 40.0 | 16.0 | 64.0 | 48.0 | 52.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 20.0 | 8.0 | 84.0 |
| ≥5 | 52.4 | 9.5 | 23.8 | 47.6 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 9.5 | 0.0 | 61.9 |
| p value | 0.553 | 0.673 | 0.009 | 1 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.686 | 0.39 | 0.428 | 0.493 | 0.107 |
| Location of tumor* | |||||||||||
| Upper | 50.0 | 33.3 | 66.7 | 50.0 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
| Middle | 36.0 | 8.0 | 44.0 | 48.0 | 40.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 76.0 |
| Lower | 60.0 | 13.3 | 40.0 | 46.7 | 46.7 | 6.7 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 80.0 |
| p value | 0.384 | 0.242 | 0.591 | 1 | 0.841 | 0.704 | 0.851 | 1 | 0.734 | 1 | 0.458 |
| Differentiation* | |||||||||||
| Poorly | 50.0 | 0.0 | 44.4 | 44.4 | 50.0 | 5.6 | 22.2 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 11.1 | 83.3 |
| Moderately | 52.4 | 23.8 | 52.4 | 52.4 | 33.3 | 14.3 | 9.5 | 28.6 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 76.2 |
| Well | 14.3 | 14.3 | 28.6 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 42.9 |
| p value | 0.212 | 0.087 | 0.57 | 0.924 | 0.565 | 0.285 | 0.647 | 0.019 | 0.035 | 0.432 | 0.105 |
| pT category* | |||||||||||
| 1–2 | 54.5 | 18.2 | 63.6 | 54.5 | 45.5 | 18.2 | 27.3 | 0.0 | 36.4 | 9.1 | 90.9 |
| 3–4 | 42.9 | 11.4 | 40.0 | 45.7 | 40.0 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 17.1 | 8.6 | 2.9 | 68.6 |
| p value | 0.73 | 0.619 | 0.298 | 0.734 | 1 | 0.619 | 0.333 | 0.311 | 0.046 | 0.425 | 0.241 |
| pN category* | |||||||||||
| 0 | 45.8 | 8.3 | 41.7 | 37.5 | 37.5 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 66.7 |
| 1–2 | 45.5 | 18.2 | 50.0 | 59.1 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 13.6 | 18.2 | 13.6 | 0.0 | 81.8 |
| p value | 1 | 0.405 | 0.768 | 0.237 | 0.765 | 0.667 | 1 | 0.405 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.321 |
| Smoking* | |||||||||||
| Smoker | 46.9 | 12.5 | 40.6 | 43.8 | 40.6 | 9.4 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 12.5 | 6.3 | 75.0 |
| Non-smoker | 42.9 | 14.3 | 57.1 | 57.1 | 42.9 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 71.4 |
| p value | 1 | 1 | 0.349 | 0.525 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.413 | 0.157 | 0.658 | 1 | 1 |
| Alcohol* | |||||||||||
| Drinker | 42.9 | 14.3 | 39.3 | 46.4 | 39.3 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 21.4 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 75.0 |
| Non-drinker | 50.0 | 11.1 | 55.6 | 50.0 | 44.4 | 5.6 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 72.2 |
| p value | 0.746 | 1 | 0.367 | 1 | 0.767 | 0.38 | 0.688 | 0.068 | 1 | 0.513 | 1 |
*
Clinical data was not available for one patient.