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The d-ala-d-ala peptidoglycan and vancomycin's mode of action. (A) Vancomycin (light gray) forms five critical hydrogen bonds to terminal d-ala-d-ala residues of the S.aureus peptidoglycan precursor anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane. (B) Space-filling model showing how vancomycin binds and sequesters the terminal d-ala peptides, thus preventing the peptidyl transfer cross-linking (C) of glycopeptide chains essential for cell wall biosynthesis.
