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. 2011 May 11;6(5):e19787. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019787

Figure 3. apoA-I gene transfer activates the BMP4-SMAD1/5 signaling cascade in undifferentiated ESCs.

Figure 3

(A) The mRNA levels of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) and activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2) in the undifferentiated ESCs transduced with empty construct or apoA-I were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR analysis using ribosomal protein S16 as internal control. (B) The phosphorylation status and total protein levels of the SMAD proteins were evaluated with Western blot analysis using β-actin as loading control. (C) The densitometry quantification of the Western blot results. Data shown as mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments,* p<0.05; ** p<0.005.