(a) Percentage of positive cells was monitored for 5 hr, beyond a typical length of transfection time. Larger nanocomplexes from bulk preparation initiated with a higher uptake at early time point. As nanocomplexes aggregated, their uptake reached a plateau. In contrast, small and stable MAC prepared nanocomplexes were favorable for a consistent uptake. (b) Because the amount of genetic materials in different size of nanocomplexes varied, geometric mean fluorescence may be a preferable indication of total uptake. (c) Significantly lower excess polymer remained in the MAC preparation, whereas ~70% of polymer at a ratio of 2μL Turbofect transfection reagent per μg of DNA was unreacted in the bulk preparation. Mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3).