Table 2.

Association of Recent and Persistent^* Immunosuppressive Medication Combinations with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Among Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Recent Use (≤90 days)	Cases (n=387)	Controls (n=1548)	OR (95% CI)^	p value
None	250 (65%)	1331 (86%)	1.0 (reference)
Any immunomodulator**	101 (26%)	158 (10%)	3.71 (2.74–5.02)	<0.001
Any biologic¶	14 (4%)	36 (2%)	2.47 (1.29–4.73)	0.006
Combined immunomodulator and biologic	22 (6%)	23 (1%)	5.85 (3.2–10.8)	<0.001
Persistent Use (> 365 days)	Cases (n=228)	Controls (n=913)	OR (95% CI)^	p value
None	154 (68%)	817 (89%)	1.0 (reference)
Any immunomodulator**	56 (25%)	73 (8%)	4.45 (2.94–6.75)	<0.001
Any biologic¶	7 (3%)	13 (1%)	3.23 (1.24–8.45)	0.017
Combined immunomodulator and biologic	11 (5%)	10 (1%)	6.75 (2.74–16.65)	<0.001

^*Only those with >365 days of exposure time prior to NMSC or index date were included in analyses of persistent medication use

^{^}ORs and 95% CI by multiple variable conditional logistic regression adjusting for Medicaid insurance status

^**Thiopurine class, calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate

^¶Adalimumab or infliximab

Reproduced with permission from Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology12