1983 |
Allain et al. [22] |
•Prospective |
12 months |
Cutaneous ADR |
550 |
Inpatient |
30 (5.6%) |
1 death |
Erythroderma |
Cardiovascular drugs |
|
|
•Departmental |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drug eruption |
Anti-inflammatory drugs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antimicrobials |
1986 |
Bigby et al. [23] |
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Programme BCDSP |
3 years 8 months |
Cutaneous ADR |
15 438 |
Inpatient |
347 (2.2%) |
Unknown |
95% morbilliform |
Amoxicillin (5.1%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5% urticaria |
Ampicillin (4.5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Penicillins (4.5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cotrimoxazole (3.7%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cephalosporins (1.5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gentamicin (1%) |
1991 |
Classen et al. [24] |
Prospective |
1 year 6 months |
ADR |
36 653 |
Inpatient |
731 (1.8%) |
Unknown |
32.7% allergic |
Unknown |
1995 |
Rademaker et al. [25] |
•Prospective |
6 months |
Cutaneous ADR |
60 |
Inpatient |
27 allergy |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Penicillin |
|
|
•Departmental |
|
|
|
|
4 allergic contact dermatitis |
|
|
Furosemide |
|
|
•Case verification by dermatologist |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prednisolone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allopurinol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbamazepine |
1997 |
Hunziker et al. [26] |
•Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring (CHDM) |
40 years |
Cutaneous ADR |
48 005 |
Inpatient |
1308 allergy |
Nil |
91.2% maculopapular 5.9% urticaria |
Penicillins (8.0%) |
|
|
•Prospective |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4% vasculitis |
Cotrimoxazole (2.8%) |
|
|
•Multi-centre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.38% erythema multiforme |
Cephalosporin (1.9%) |
|
|
•Case verification by dermatologist |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.45% fixed drug eruption |
|
2001 |
Sharma et al. [27] |
Prospective |
6 years |
Cutaneous ADR |
500 |
Inpatient |
500 |
10 deaths from TEN |
34.6% maculopapular |
Antimicrobials (42.6%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30.0% fixed drug eruption |
Anticonvulsants (22.2%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14.0% urticaria |
|
2002 |
Thong et al. [28] |
•Prospective |
2 years |
Cutaneous and systemic drug allergies |
366 |
Inpatient |
210 allergy |
11 (5.2%) |
95.7% cutaneous |
Penicillins (25.2%) |
|
|
•Electronic, Inpatient Drug Allergy Reporting System |
Incidence of allergic reactions = 4.2/1000 hospitalizations |
|
|
|
|
- SJS (3.3%) |
- 62.7% maculopapular |
Cephalosporins (15.7%) |
|
|
•Drug allergy verified by allergist |
|
|
|
|
|
- TEN (1.4%) |
- 17.9% urticaria |
Cotrimoxazole (9.0%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- GED (0.5%)4 deaths |
30.0% systemic |
Phenytoin (8.1%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 52.4% hepatic |
Carbamazepine (6.2%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 44.4% fever |
Allopurinol (5.7%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 27% haematological |
|
2003 |
Fiszenson-Albala et al. [29] |
•Prospective |
6 months |
Cutaneous allergy |
48 |
Inpatient |
48 allergy |
24% severe |
57% exanthema |
21% betalactams |
|
|
•Drug allergy verified by dermatologist and pharmacologist |
|
Prevalence of cutaenous allergic reactions = 3.6/1000 hospitalizations |
|
|
|
|
8% erythroderma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2% SJS/TEN. |
|
2006 |
Hernández-Salazar et al. [30] |
Prospective |
10 months |
Cutaneous ADR |
4785 |
Inpatient |
35 |
AGEP 2.4% |
Morbilliform rash 51.2% |
Amoxicillin clavulanate (22.9%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SJS 4.9% |
Urticaria 12.2% |
Metamizole (11.4%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TEN 2.4% |
Erythema multiforme 4.9% |
Amphotericin B (5.7%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DiHS 2.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 death |
|
|
2008 |
Park et al. [31] |
•Prospective |
7 months |
Cutaneous and systemic drug allergies |
532 |
Inpatient |
|
16% severe |
70% cutaneous |
Antibiotics (32%), Radiocontrast media (26%) |
|
|
•Electronic, Inpatient Drug Allergy Reporting System |
|
Incidence of drug hypersensitivity = 1.8/1000 hospitalizations |
|
|
|
SJS/TEN 1% |
- Urticaria/ angioedema 26% |
Antineoplastic drugs (17%). |
|
|
•Drug allergy verified by allergist |
|
|
|
|
|
Anaphylaxis 11% |
- Maculopapular 33% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30% systemic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Respiratory 18% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Fever 3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Hepatic 1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Haematologic 1% |
|