Table 1.

Summary of prospective studies on adverse drug reactions with differentiation into non-allergy and allergy

Year	Author	Type of study	Period of study	Types of reaction studied	Number studied	Patient type	Number with ADR	Number with severe ADR	Types of ADR	Implicated drugs
1983	Allain et al. [22]	•Prospective	12 months	Cutaneous ADR	550	Inpatient	30 (5.6%)	1 death	Erythroderma	Cardiovascular drugs
		•Departmental							Drug eruption	Anti-inflammatory drugs
										Antimicrobials
1986	Bigby et al. [23]	Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Programme BCDSP	3 years 8 months	Cutaneous ADR	15 438	Inpatient	347 (2.2%)	Unknown	95% morbilliform	Amoxicillin (5.1%)
									5% urticaria	Ampicillin (4.5%)
										Penicillins (4.5%)
										Cotrimoxazole (3.7%)
										Cephalosporins (1.5%)
										Gentamicin (1%)
1991	Classen et al. [24]	Prospective	1 year 6 months	ADR	36 653	Inpatient	731 (1.8%)	Unknown	32.7% allergic	Unknown
1995	Rademaker et al. [25]	•Prospective	6 months	Cutaneous ADR	60	Inpatient	27 allergy	Unknown	Unknown	Penicillin
		•Departmental					4 allergic contact dermatitis			Furosemide
		•Case verification by dermatologist								Prednisolone
										Allopurinol
										Carbamazepine
1997	Hunziker et al. [26]	•Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring (CHDM)	40 years	Cutaneous ADR	48 005	Inpatient	1308 allergy	Nil	91.2% maculopapular 5.9% urticaria	Penicillins (8.0%)
		•Prospective							1.4% vasculitis	Cotrimoxazole (2.8%)
		•Multi-centre							0.38% erythema multiforme	Cephalosporin (1.9%)
		•Case verification by dermatologist							0.45% fixed drug eruption
2001	Sharma et al. [27]	Prospective	6 years	Cutaneous ADR	500	Inpatient	500	10 deaths from TEN	34.6% maculopapular	Antimicrobials (42.6%)
									30.0% fixed drug eruption	Anticonvulsants (22.2%)
									14.0% urticaria
2002	Thong et al. [28]	•Prospective	2 years	Cutaneous and systemic drug allergies	366	Inpatient	210 allergy	11 (5.2%)	95.7% cutaneous	Penicillins (25.2%)
		•Electronic, Inpatient Drug Allergy Reporting System	Incidence of allergic reactions = 4.2/1000 hospitalizations					- SJS (3.3%)	- 62.7% maculopapular	Cephalosporins (15.7%)
		•Drug allergy verified by allergist						- TEN (1.4%)	- 17.9% urticaria	Cotrimoxazole (9.0%)
								- GED (0.5%)4 deaths	30.0% systemic	Phenytoin (8.1%)
									- 52.4% hepatic	Carbamazepine (6.2%)
									- 44.4% fever	Allopurinol (5.7%)
									- 27% haematological
2003	Fiszenson-Albala et al. [29]	•Prospective	6 months	Cutaneous allergy	48	Inpatient	48 allergy	24% severe	57% exanthema	21% betalactams
		•Drug allergy verified by dermatologist and pharmacologist		Prevalence of cutaenous allergic reactions = 3.6/1000 hospitalizations					8% erythroderma
									2% SJS/TEN.
2006	Hernández-Salazar et al. [30]	Prospective	10 months	Cutaneous ADR	4785	Inpatient	35	AGEP 2.4%	Morbilliform rash 51.2%	Amoxicillin clavulanate (22.9%)
								SJS 4.9%	Urticaria 12.2%	Metamizole (11.4%)
								TEN 2.4%	Erythema multiforme 4.9%	Amphotericin B (5.7%)
								DiHS 2.4%
								1 death
2008	Park et al. [31]	•Prospective	7 months	Cutaneous and systemic drug allergies	532	Inpatient		16% severe	70% cutaneous	Antibiotics (32%), Radiocontrast media (26%)
		•Electronic, Inpatient Drug Allergy Reporting System		Incidence of drug hypersensitivity = 1.8/1000 hospitalizations				SJS/TEN 1%	- Urticaria/ angioedema 26%	Antineoplastic drugs (17%).
		•Drug allergy verified by allergist						Anaphylaxis 11%	- Maculopapular 33%
									30% systemic
									- Respiratory 18%
									- Fever 3%
									- Hepatic 1%
									- Haematologic 1%