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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Hand Surg Am. 2011 May;36(5):824–835.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.02.005

Appendix 2.

Sackett’s Levels of Evidence

Level of Evidence General criteria for LOE
I Single high-quality randomized, controlled trial (RCT) or systematic review of homogenous RCTs
II Single cohort study, low-quality RCT (i.e. less than 80% follow-up), or systematic review of cohort studies
III Case-control studies
IV Case series, low-quality cohort and case-control studies
V Expert opinion without critical appraisal