Table 8.
Summary of Complications
| VLPS | Non-BrEF | BrEF | PKF | CI | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minor | Superficial infection | 0 | 25 | 39 | 2 | 0 | |
| Others | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | ||
| Total (%) | 2 (1%) | 25 (31%) | 39 (16%) | 11 (8%) | 0 | <0.001 | |
| Major not requiring Surgery | Nerve lesion | 6 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 4 | |
| CRPS | 9 | 0 | 16 | 2 | 11 | ||
| Early hardware removal | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | ||
| Others | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total (%) | 18 (6%) | 1 (1%) | 34 (14%) | 9 (7%) | 15 (7%) | <0.001 | |
| Major requiring Surgery | Tendon rupture/adhesion | 18 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| Nerve lesion | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Infection | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hardware loosening, failure or removal | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Others | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total (%) | 32 (11%) | 2 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | <0.001 |
Note: p values were calculated using the chi-square test. Significant differences were found between the all treatment groups except the following pairs: major, not requiring surgery –PKF/CI; major, requiring surgery – Non-BrEF/PKF, BrEF/PKF.