TABLE 2.
Sociodemographics and Spatial Access to Syringe Exchange Programs and to Pharmacies Selling Syringes Over the Counter in New York City Health Districts: 1995–2006
| Characteristics of Health Districts | Mean (SD) | Median | Interquartile Range | Range |
| % surface area within 1.00 mile of an SEP | ||||
| Baseline | 11.75 (22.26) | 0.00 | 0.00–7.60 | 0.00–91.10 |
| Difference in spatial coverage between baseline and end of study | 13.13 (19.30) | 2.18 | 0.00–19.94 | −6.58–76.86 |
| % surface area within 0.50 mile of an SEP | ||||
| Baseline | 4.18 (9.70) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.87 | 0.00–37.96 |
| Difference in spatial coverage between baseline and end of study | 5.15 (8.63) | 0.02 | 0.00–7.77 | −7.47–33.83 |
| % surface area within 0.25 mile of an SEP | ||||
| Baseline | 1.29 (3.21) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.01 | 0.00–13.12 |
| Difference in spatial coverage between baseline and end of study | 1.56 (3.08) | 0.00 | 0.00–2.72 | −3.43–15.44 |
| % surface area within 1.00 mile of an OTC pharmacy | ||||
| Year when OTC sales legalized | 77.51 (19.20) | 83.27 | 63.26–95.15 | 34.42–99.81 |
| Difference in spatial coverage between 2001 and 2006 | 5.41 (7.00) | 2.70 | 0.14–8.90 | −0.60–27.69 |
| % surface area within 0.50 mile of an OTC pharmacy | ||||
| Year when OTC sales legalized | 47.77 (24.56) | 49.06 | 24.62–65.44 | 11.55–95.86 |
| Difference in spatial coverage between 2001 and 2006 | 12.30 (9.39) | 10.55 | 6.71–14.41 | 0.80–40.17 |
| % surface area within 0.25 mile of an OTC pharmacy | ||||
| Year when OTC sales legalized | 21.68 (19.11) | 17.49 | 7.27–26.03 | 2.52–79.23 |
| Difference in spatial coverage between 2001 and 2006 | 11. 04 (7.91) | 9.55 | 6.23–14.24 | 1.72–43.66 |
| % population living in povertya | ||||
| Baseline | 20.27 (11.51) | 17.07 | 11.79–30.68 | 4.95–47.30 |
| Difference between baseline and end of study | 1.54 (2.90) | 2.05 | −0.94–3.62 | −6.42–7.26 |
| % residents who were non-Hispanic White | ||||
| Baseline | 42.43 (27.27) | 47.28 | 13.26–66.94 | 1.75–89.89 |
| Difference between baseline and end of study | −7.33 (7.60) | −5.53 | −11.98–−1.03 | −30.75–2.85 |
Note. OTC = over the counter; SEP = syringe exchange program. Health districts, n = 42. Baseline was 1995, OTC sales were legalized in 2001, and the study ended in 2006.
a
Defined as living below federal poverty level determined by US Census Bureau.