. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 12.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2009 Jul;45(4):1009–1018. doi: 10.1037/a0015698

Table 3.

Fixed Effects for Externalizing Problems at Time 2

		Externalizing Problems _{at Time 2}
		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE

Intercept		8.20 ^**	0.24	8.23 ^**	0.23	8.27 ^**	0.23
Externalizing problems _atTime1		0.36 ^**	0.03	0.36 ^**	0.03	0.36 ^**	0.03
Sex^a		0.36	0.33	0.34	0.33	0.28	0.33
Age difference between siblings^b		−0.01	0.08	−0.02	0.08	−0.01	0.08
Mother's punitive discipline _{at Time 1}		0.12 ^*	0.05	0.12 ^*	0.05	0.11 ^*	0.05
Sibling aggression _{at Time 1}
	Sibling's report	0.10 ^**	0.04	--		--
	Mother's report	--		0.11 ^*	0.05	--
	Father's report	--		--		0.15 ^**	0.05
Sibling aggression _atTime1 × Age difference^b
	Sibling's report	0.01	0.02	--		--
	Mother's report	--		0.04	0.03	--
	Father's report	--		--		0.02	0.02

AIC		4474.1		4495.7		4472.5

Note.

Sex=0 for girls, 1 for boys.

Age difference between siblings is a relative difference score calculated by subtracting sibling's age from the focal child's age. All the predictors are centered at their means. AIC = Akaike's Information Criterion.

p<.05.

^**

p<.01.