Table 3. Characteristics of included cross-sectional papers [n = 17, (26–42)] and conference abstracts [n = 3, (46–48)].

Author	Yr	Country	N	Setting	Female (%)	Median Age, y	Response Rate	Assessor	Adherence, % threshold for measurement	Adherence Proportion (%)
Aboubacrine	2007	Mali, Burkina Faso	270	Public hospital, community based clinics	65	36–40 (median range)	100	patient	less than 100%, no. doses missed in past 7 days	58.5
Boyer	2009	Cameroon	532	Public hospital	70.9	mean (SD): 38 (9)	83.9	patient	high, moderate, low score in past 4 days	56.6
Byakika-Tusiime	2005	Uganda	304	ARV delivery centres	53	39	unknown	patient	≥95%, No. doses taken/no.prescribed in last 3 days	68
Carlucci	2008	Zambia	409	Rural mission hospital	63	39 (32–47)	78.2	patient	≥95%, No. doses taken/no. doses prescribed for total time	83.7
Iliyasu	2005	Nigeria	263	Teaching hospital	34	36.2 (3.3)	94	patient	≥95%, based on previous 7 days	54
Malangu	2008	South Africa	180	Hospital	68.8	36.7 (8.1)	63.2	patient	≥95%, No. doses taken/no. doses in past 7 days	57.2
Nachega	2004	South Africa	66	public outpatient clinic	77	36.1 (10.1)	Unknown	patient	≥95%, No. doses taken/no. doses in past 30 days	88
Nemes	2004	Brazil	1972	Health service sites	38	39.3	97	patient	≥95%, No. doses taken/no. doses in past 3 days	75.1
Pinheiro	2002	Brazil	195	Publicly funded specialist clinic	39	35 (17–67)	84	patient	≥95%, No. doses taken/no. doses prescribed in past 2 days	56.9
Ramadhani	2007	Tanzania	150	Infectious disease clinic	63	41 (19–69)	Unknown	patient	100, >2 days without dose	84
Sarna	2008	India	310	Public and private outpatient clinic	16	36 (23–70)	96	patient	≥90, no. Doses taken/no. prescribed in past 4 days	84
Silva	2009	Brazil	412	Clinics at referral hospital	21.8	36 (17–67)	Unknown	patient	≥90, no. Doses taken/no. prescribed in past 5 days	74.3
Stout	2004	Costa Rica	88	Social security hospital	15	38.2 (18–79)	87	patient	100, no. Doses taken/no. prescribed past 3 days	85
Uzochukwu	2009	Nigeria	174	Teaching hospital	37.5	34.6 (7.2)	95.6	patient	100, miss at least 1 dose in past 30 days	25
Wang	2007	China	181	Clinic	59.7	47.8 (11.3)	100	patient	≥95, no. Doses taken/no. Doses prescribed past 3 days	81.8
Weiser	2003	Botswana	109	Private clinic	50	Not available	97.3	patient or clinician	≥95, previous year of missing < 1 dose in 10day period or 1 dose/week	54
Williams	2007	West Indies	96	Clinic	54.2	35.6	95	patient or provider	≥95, no. Doses taken/no. prescribed in past 7 days	87.7-patient, 87.0-provider
Abstracts
Dahab	2006	South Africa	69	Workplace ART programme	1%	43.1	Unknown	patient	<1 log drop in viral load at 6 weeks after treatment start	86
Shah	2006	India	279	Private clinic	27		Unknown	patient	>95, doses missed in past 4 days	73
Warley	2006	Brazil	71	clinic	58	37.9	Unknown	patient	>95, doses missed in past 4 days	70.4
Summary (median, range)					51.5 (1–77)	37.9 (34.6–47.8)	95 (63.2–100)			73.6 (25–88)