Table 6. Financial, Human, Social Capital factors associated^* with adherence or non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in included cross-sectional papers [n = 4, (33–36)].

	Financial Capital			Human Capital			Social Capital
Author/Year	Financial constraints/ARV payment	Household Income	Distance to clinic/Transport costs	Education	Employment Status	Food-related restrictions	Marital Status	Household size	Social support	Fear of Stigma/non-disclosure	Reasons for missing doses
Nemes/2004				0–2 years schooling associated with non-adherence OR: 1.51 (1.12–2.02), AOR: 1.48 (1.16–1.89)
Pinheiro/2002		Monthly income, ns		≥8 years of schooling vs. 0–4 associated with adherence AOR: 2.26 (1.02–5.02)
Ramadhani/2007	Paying for treatment associated with non-adherence OR: 4.9 (1.92–25.9), AOR: 23.5 (1.2–444.4) Sacrifice health for other needs OR: 20.7 (3.9–110.3), AOR: 19.8 (3.1–127.8)		Walking time to the clinic associated with non-adherence OR: 1.2 (1–1.5)							Disclosure of HIV associated with non-adherence OR: 0.23 (0.05–1.1), AOR: 0.16 (0.02–1.1)
Sarna/2008	free ARV vs. paid out-of- pocket associated with non-adherence: 5.71 (2.94–11.10), AOR: 4.05 (1.42–11.54)			< 5 years education vs. university associated with non-adherence: OR: 4.28 (1.49–12.33), 6–12 years, OR: 2.83 (1.29–6.19)	Unemployed vs. employed associated with non-adherence: OR: 2.35 (1.22–4.88). AOR: ns						travel, financial difficulties

*OR: Odds Ratio, AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio, (n₁–n₂): 95% Confidence Intervals, sig: significant, ns: not significant.