Table 1.
Mean, standard deviation, and range of oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonates and mussel shells
| (n) | δ18O ± SD (‰ VPDB) | Min/Max | δ13C ± SD (‰ VPDB) | Min/Max | |
| GHOST CITY | |||||
| In-filled pelagic sediments | 4 | 3.63 ± 0.25 | 3.27/3.85 | 0.93 ± 0.17 | 0.72/1.09 |
| Authigenic carbonates | 9 | 4.88 ± 0.19 | 4.48/5.09 | −0.66 ± 1.18 | -2.56/0.67 |
| Bathymodiolus shells | 3 | 4.93 ± 0.40 | 4.52/5.31 | −0.30 ± 1.99 | -2.59/1.08 |
| LOST CITY | |||||
| Vent carbonates (11) | 50 | -6/5 | -7/13 | ||
| Methane (11, 44, 45) | −11.9 | -13.6/-8.8 | |||
| RAINBOW | |||||
| Living Bathymodiolus shells | 5 | 2.32 ± 0.59 | 1.67/2.99 | 2.78 ± 0.41 | 2.35/3.25 |
| Methane (44) | -17.7/-15.8 |
Comparison of carbonates and mussel shells from Ghost City, Lost City, and Rainbow high-temperature hydrothermal vent site.