IgE inhibition (left column) and histamine release (right column). For IgE inhibition assay, graphs A–D show the binding of serum IgE (individual sera or serum pools) to biotinylated rBet v 1 upon inhibition with rBet v 1 (●), rMal d 1 (▾), or mutated rMal d 1 variants Mut-2781 (□) and Mut-2762 (Δ) with increased surface similarity to Bet v 1. Serum pool A, 10 sera sensitive to Bet v and Mal d extracts. Serum pool B, 10 sera sensitive to Bet v extract solely. In all graphs full inhibition is obtained with rBet v 1 as inhibitor. Compared with rMal d 1 that shows very little inhibition, the mutated variants Mut-2781 and Mut2762 inhibit binding of serum IgE to biotinylated rBet v 1 to a larger degree. For histamine release assay, graphs E, F, and G show the results of histamine release with blood from three individual birch-allergic patients. No histamine release is obtained with rMal d 1 (▾), whereas histamine release is seen with rBet v 1 (●) as well as with the mutated rMal d 1 variants Mut-2781 (□) and Mut-2762 (Δ) with increased surface similarity to Bet v 1.