IgE binding and histamine release experiments. For IgE inhibition assay, graphs A–E (left column) show binding of individual (n, o, p, q, and r) birch serum IgE samples to biotinylated rBet v 1 upon inhibition with rBet v 1 (●), rMal d 1 (▾), or a mutated rMal d 1 variant Mut-2760 (♢), with point mutations that decrease surface similarity to Bet v 1. In all graphs, binding of serum IgE is inhibited fully by rBet v 1, whereas little inhibition is caused by rMal d 1 or the variant Mut-2760. For histamine release assay, graphs F–J (right column) show the results of histamine release experiments using blood from the same panel of individual birch-allergic patients (n, o, p, q, and r). rBet v 1 triggered histamine release in basophils from all five patients, whereas notable patient-to-patient variations were seen with rMal d 1 and the variant Mut-2760. Interestingly, three mutations N28T, K32Q, and E45S that decrease surface similarity to Bet v 1 of variant Mut-2760 abolished histamine release in patient o.