Table 4.
Relative risk* of deep vein thrombosis associated with a 10 µg/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM10) in the year preceding the diagnosis, by subjects characteristics.
| OR | (95% CI) | p-value† | p-interaction‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects | 1.70 | (1.30–2.23) | 0.0001 | - |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2.07 | (1.50–2.84) | <0.00001 | |
| Female | 1.40 | (1.02–1.92) | 0.04 | 0.021 |
| Age | ||||
| 18–35 years | 1.57 | (1.11–2.24) | 0.01 | |
| 35–50 years | 1.97 | (1.41–2.77) | 0.00008 | |
| 50–84 years | 1.54 | (0.90–2.63) | 0.12 | 0.99 |
| Pre-Menopausal women with current use of oral contraceptives | ||||
| No | 1.53 | (0.86–2.72) | 0.14 | |
| Yes | 0.87 | (0.46–1.67) | 0.68 | 0.11 |
| Post-Menopausal women with current use of hormone-replacement therapy | ||||
| No | 1.60 | (0.72–3.54) | 0.24 | |
| Yes | 0.85 | (0.29–2.45) | 0.76 | 0.27 |
| Current use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy | ||||
| No | 1.64 | (1.05–2.57) | 0.03 | |
| Yes | 0.97 | (0.58–1.61) | 0.89 | 0.048 |
| Body Mass Index§ | ||||
| 13.3–22.0 kg/m2 | 1.47 | (0.97–2.23) | 0.07 | |
| 22.0–24.9 kg/m2 | 1.72 | (1.17–2.54) | 0.006 | |
| 24.9–53.3 kg/m2 | 1.83 | (1.03–3.24) | 0.04 | 0.37 |
| Education | ||||
| Elementary/Middle School | 1.93 | (1.35–2.76) | 0.0003 | |
| High School | 1.72 | (1.24–2.39) | 0.001 | |
| College | 1.35 | (0.74–2.45) | 0.33 | 0.21 |
| Deficiencies of natural anticoagulant proteins | ||||
| None | 1.66 | (1.26–2.18) | 0.0003 | |
| Any | 2.56 | (0.91–7.18) | 0.07 | 0.41 |
| Factor V Leiden or G20210A prothrombin mutation | ||||
| None | 1.69 | (1.27–2.23) | 0.0003 | |
| Any | 1.79 | (1.05–3.05) | 0.03 | 0.83 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | ||||
| No | 1.66 | (1.26–2.19) | 0.0004 | |
| Yes | 2.19 | (1.33–3.61) | 0.002 | 0.25 |
| Any cause of thrombophilia¶ | ||||
| No | 1.59 | (1.19–2.13) | 0.0017 | |
| Yes | 1.96 | (1.34–2.87) | 0.0005 | 0.27 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 1995–1997 | 1.61 | (1.06–2.46) | 0.03 | |
| 1998–2000 | 1.34 | (0.90–1.99) | 0.15 | |
| 2001–2005 | 2.14 | (1.04–4.39) | 0.04 | 0.12 |
Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, year of diagnosis, area of residence, body mass index, education, current use of oral contraceptives or hormone-replacement therapy, Leiden V or prothrombin mutations, season, and ambient temperature.
Test for the association of PM10 with DVT risk; Test for differences by subjects' characteristics of the association between PM10 and DVT.
Body Mass Index categorized according to controls' tertiles.
Subjects with deficiencies of the natural anticoagulant proteins, factor V Leiden, G20210A prothrombin mutation, or hyperhomocysteinemia