Vasomotor tone changes in aortic rings via myograph in response to phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). A–D: vasomotor tone changes in response to PE (A), PE with NG-nitro-l- arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (B), ACh (C), or SNP (D); n = 8. *P < 0.05 vs. SED-ND; #P < 0.05 vs. EX-ND, †P < 0.05 vs. SED-HFD. M, mol/l.