Table 1.

Hepatotoxic agents for in vivo models of liver fibrosis

Agents	Effects
Chemically induced fibrosis
Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg body wt injected ip 2 times weekly from 4 to 12 wk) (21)	Centrilobular hepatocyte death
Thioacetamide (300 mg/l of drinking water or 200 mg/kg of body wt injected ip 2 or 3 times/wk for up to 12 wk) (61)	Centrilobular hepatocyte death
Dimethylnitrosamine	Hemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis, destruction of sinusoidal endothelial cells leads to coagulation
Cholestatic fibrosis
Bile duct ligation	Periportal hepatocyte death
Immunologically mediated fibrosis
Concanavalin A (up to 20 mg/kg of body wt injected iv 1 time/wk for up to 20 wk) (106)	Centrilobular and perisinusoidal fibrosis
Schistosoma mansoni (exposure percutaneously to cercariae of S. mansoni) (97)	Granuloma formation and periportal fibrosis

i.p., intraperitoneally; i.v., intravenously.