Table 2.
Genetic factors associated with liver fibrogenesis in knockout mouse models
| Disrupted Gene and Effects | Agents to Induce Fibrosis | References |
|---|---|---|
| Increasing liver fibrogenesis | ||
| IL-6 | Carbon tetrachloride | Streetz et al. (101) |
| IL-6 | Bile duct ligation | Ezure et al. (26) |
| gp130 | Carbon tetrachloride | Streetz et al. (101) |
| gp130/STAT3 | DDC | Plum et al. (79) |
| SOCS3 | Concanavalin A | Ogata et al. (76) |
| SOCS1 (±) | Dimethylnitrosamine | Yoshida et al. (120) |
| Stat5 | Carbon tetrachloride | Hosui et al. (40) |
| Bcl-xL | Carbon tetrachloride | Takehara et al. (103) |
| IL-10 | Carbon tetrachloride | Louis et al. (64) |
| Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 | Carbon tetrachloride | Yu et al. (123) |
| Tissue-type plasminogen activator | Carbon tetrachloride | Hsiao et al. (41) |
| Adiponectin | Carbon tetrachloride | Kamada et al. (51) |
| Telomerase RNA | Carbon tetrachloride | Rudolph et al. (85) |
| p53 | Carbon tetrachloride | Krizhanovsky et al. (56) |
| Cannabinoid receptor type 2 | Carbon tetrachloride | Julien et al. (50) |
| Angiotensin II type 2 receptor | Carbon tetrachloride | Nabeshima et al. (74) |
| Early growth response-1 | Carbon tetrachloride | Pritchard et al. (81) |
| Decreasing liver fibrogenesis | ||
| TNF-α | Bile duct ligation | Gabele et al. (29) |
| TNF receptor type 1 | Carbon tetrachloride | Sudo et al. (102) |
| TNF receptor 1 and 2 | Carbon tetrachloride | Simeonova et al. (96) |
| FasL | Bile duct ligation | Canbay et al. (17) |
| Cathepsin B | Bile duct ligation | Canbay et al. (16) |
| CHOP | Bile duct ligation | Tamaki et al. (104) |
| p21 | Bile duct ligation | Lunz III et al. (65) |
| IL-1 receptor | Thioacetamide | Gieling et al. (30) |
| IL-13 | Schistosoma mansoni infection | Kaviratne et al. (53) |
| Toll-like receptor 4 | Carbon tetrachloride/bile duct ligation/thioacetamide | Seki et al. (93) |
| CD14 | Bile duct ligation | Isayama et al. (47) |
| LPS-binding protein | Bile duct ligation | Isayama et al. (47) |
| Integrin αβ6 | Bile duct ligation | Wang et al. (112) |
| Smad3 | Dimethylnitrosamine | Latella et al. (57) |
| NADPH oxidase (p47phox) | Bile duct ligation | Bataller et al. (10) |
| Angiotensin II type 1A receptor | Carbon tetrachloride | Kanno et al. (52) |
| Bile duct ligation | Yang et al. (119) | |
| Galectin 3 | Carbon tetrachloride | Henderson et al. (36) |
| Cannabinoid receptor type 1 | Carbon tetrachloride/bile duct ligation/thioacetamide | Teixeira-Clerc et al. (105) |
| Fibroblast growth factor 1 and 2 | Carbon tetrachloride | Yu et al. (122) |
| Leptin | Carbon tetrachloride | Leclercq et al. (59) |
| Thioacetamide | Honda et al. (39) | |
| Complement 5 | Carbon tetrachloride | Hillebrandt et al. (37) |
| Tenascin C | Concanavalin A | EI-Karef et al. (25) |
| CC chemokine receptor 1, 5 | Carbon tetrachloride/bile duct ligation | Seki et al. (91) |
| CC chemokine receptor 2 | Carbon tetrachloride/bile duct ligation | Seki et al. (92) |
| CC chemokine receptor 21 | Thioacetamide | Bonacchi et al. (13) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase 12 | Schistosoma mansoni infection | Madala et al. (66) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase 13 | Bile duct ligation | Uchinami et al. (107) |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor | Bile duct ligation | Wang et al. (113) |
| No effects | ||
| TNF receptor type 2 | Carbon tetrachloride | Sudo et al. (102) |
| TIMP1, TIMP2 | Schistosoma mansoni infection | Vaillant et al. (109) |
IL, interleukin; gp, glycoprotein; DDC, 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase.