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Time course of active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1; A and B) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP; C and D) levels after jejunal (A and C) or gastric (B and D) delivery of a liquid mixed meal preoperatively and at 1 and 6 wk after RYGB. Preoperative mixed meal delivery was oral (gastric) and is displayed on all graphs. Gastric delivery after RYGB was via a gastrostomy tube in the stomach fundus allowing nutrient contact with the bypassed foregut. Data are means of 9 subjects ± se.
