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HBV-infected liver tissues express higher levels of IL-23/IL-17 pathway-related cytokines than non-infected tissues. Liver biopsy samples from healthy controls and CHB patients were used to detect mRNA level for IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α and IL-8 by qPCR (A), and protein expression level of Foxp3, IL-23 and IL-17 by Western-blot assay (B). Error bars indicate SD; **, P < 0.01 vs HC; ***, P < 0.001 vs HC.
