Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 8472 NHEFS participants according to actinic skin damage*.
| Actinic skin damage | ||||
| Variable | Absent(4419) | Minimal(2125) | Moderate(1710) | Severe(218) |
| Age(years), mean(SD) | 43.4(14.8) | 54.7(14.1)a | 60.4(11.6)b,d | 64.6(8.5)c,e,f |
| Body mass index(Kg/m2), mean(SD) | 25.2(5.1) | 25.8(4.8)a | 25.7(4.5)b | 25.4(4.7) |
| Men, No. (%) | 1311(29.7) | 878(41.3)a | 1083(63.3)b,d | 161(73.9)c,e,f |
| High physical activity, No. (%)† | 604(13.7) | 294(13.8) | 260(15.2) | 25(11.5) |
| Current cigarette Smoke, No. (%) | 1212(27.4) | 452(21.3)a | 367(21.5)b | 45(20.6) |
| Regular alcohol consumption, No. (%)‡ | 474(10.7) | 270(12.7) | 294(17.2)b,d | 24(11.0) |
| More than a high school education, No.(%) | 1163(26.3) | 436(20.5)a | 290(17.0)b,d | 31(14.2)c |
| Family income≥$10000, No. (%) | 2057(46.6) | 830(39.1)a | 557(32.6)b,d | 51(23.4)c,e,f |
| Vitamin supplements use, No. (%)§ | 1564(35.4) | 746(35.1) | 515(30.1)b,d | 61(28.0) |
| Dark brown eyes, No. (%) | 1184(26.8) | 385(18.1)a | 239(14.0)b,d | 19(8.7)c,e |
| Laborer or farmer, No. (%) | 102(2.3) | 53(2.5) | 51(3.0) | 7(3.3) |
| Residence in rural, No. (%) | 1729(39.1) | 814(38.3) | 741(43.3)b,d | 117(53.7)c,e,f |
| Residence in the South region, No. (%) | 1037(23.5) | 506(23.8) | 439(25.7) | 101(46.3)c,e,f |
| Examination taken in summer, No. (%) | 1192(27.0) | 561(26.4) | 413(24.2) | 41(18.8)c |
| Baseline disease, No. (%)** | 1745(39.5) | 1023(48.1)a | 966(56.5)b,d | 151 (69.3) c,e,f |
*Data were given as mean ± SD or numbers (%). NHEFS indicates the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. P was corrected by Bonferroni adjustment in multiple comparisons (p/q, q = 6, P<0.008).
High physical activity was defined as both get much exercise in recreational things and very active in usual day aside from recreation.
Regular alcohol consumption: defined as drink everyday or just about everyday.
Vitamin supplements use was defined as the regular or irregular use of any type of vitamin supplement.
**Baseline diseases were defined as self-reported history of having cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, ulcer, kidney diseases or hepatitis.
aStatistically significant difference between the minimal and absent group.
bStatistically significant difference between the moderate and absent group.
cStatistically significant difference between the severe and absent group.
dStatistically significant difference between the moderate and minimal group.
eStatistically significant difference between the severe and minimal group.
fStatistically significant difference between the severe and moderate group.