Table 1.

Geometric mean and 95% CIs for umbilical cord lead concentrations (μg/dL) by population characteristics: Baltimore THREE Study, 2004–2005 (n = 285).

Characteristic	n	Geometric mean	95% CI
All mothers	285	0.66	0.61–0.70
Age, years
< 20	58	0.72	0.64–0.81
20–30	134	0.64	0.57–0.71
> 30	93	0.64	0.56–0.73
Race
Caucasian	59	0.44*	0.38–0.52
Asian	24	0.85*	0.67–1.09
African American	202	0.72*	0.66–0.77
Median household income (US$)
< 25,000	89	0.81*	0.71–0.92
25,000–50,000	151	0.64*	0.59–0.70
> 50,000	45	0.55*	0.50–0.61
Parity
Primiparous	118	0.61*	0.55–0.67
Multiparous	167	0.69*	0.63–0.76
Smoking
Nonsmoker	231	0.61*	0.57–0.67
Active smoker	54	0.83*	0.71–0.97
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
< 18.5	14	0.58	0.42–0.80
18.5–24.9	129	0.63	0.57–0.70
25.0–29.9	71	0.66	0.57–0.76
≥ 30	71	0.72	0.62–0.82
Anemia
Not anemic	249	0.65	0.60–0.70
Anemic	36	0.69	0.58–0.80
Admission SBP (mmHg)
< 140	252	0.65	0.60–0.70
≥ 140	33	0.73	0.60–0.89
Admission DBP (mmHg)
< 90	265	0.65	0.60–0.70
≥ 90	20	0.74	0.60–0.91
Maximum SBP (mmHg)
< 140	123	0.60*	0.54–0.67
≥ 140	162	0.70*	0.63–0.77
Maximum DBP (mmHg)
< 90	229	0.63*	0.58–0.68
≥ 90	56	0.78*	0.67–0.92

^*Statistically significant difference in geometric mean lead levels across categories, p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA or Student’s t-test.