Table 3.
RRs for episodes of LRTI and diarrhea among the infants in relation to maternal arsenic exposure in pregnancy: 2002–2003 pregnancy cohort in Matlab, Bangladesh.
| Arsenic levels in quintiles (μg/L)a | Person-weeks of recall | LRTI
|
Severe LRTI
|
Diarrhea
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of episodes | RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b | No. of episodes | RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b | No. of episodes | RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b | ||
| Averagec | ||||||||||
| < 39d | 3,380 | 134 | 1 | 107 | 1 | 238 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 39–64 | 3,394 | 172 | 1.28 (1.02–1.60) | 1.28 (1.02–1.61) | 143 | 1.33 (1.04–1.71) | 1.33 (1.03–1.71) | 236 | 0.99 (0.082–1.18) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) |
| 65–132 | 3,309 | 185 | 1.41 (1.13–1.76) | 1.33 (1.07–1.67) | 148 | 1.41 (1.10–1.81) | 1.31 (1.02–1.69) | 230 | 0.99 (0.82–1.18) | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) |
| 133–261 | 3,198 | 215 | 1.69 (1.37–2.10) | 1.57 (1.27–1.96) | 173 | 1.71 (1.34–2.17) | 1.54 (1.21–1.97) | 291 | 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) |
| ≥ 261 | 3,269 | 237 | 1.83 (1.48–2.26) | 1.69 (1.36–2.09) | 177 | 1.71 (1.34–2.17) | 1.54 (1.21–1.97) | 283 | 1.23 (1.03–1.46) | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) |
| GW8
| ||||||||||
| < 32d | 3,373 | 155 | 1 | 1 | 120 | 1 | 1 | 210 | 1 | 1 |
| 32–56 | 3,407 | 167 | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) | 1.08 (0.86–1.34) | 141 | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | 254 | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) |
| 57–116 | 3,335 | 179 | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) | 144 | 1.21 (0.95–1.55) | 1.14 (0.89–1.45) | 252 | 1.21 (1.01–1.46) | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) |
| 117–247 | 3,152 | 220 | 1.52 (1.24–1.86) | 1.43 (1.17–1.77) | 169 | 1.51 (1.19–1.90) | 1.39 (1.10–1.76) | 268 | 1.36 (1.14–1.63) | 1.33 (1.11–1.60) |
| ≥ 248 | 3,280 | 222 | 1.47 (1.20–1.81) | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) | 174 | 1.49 (1.18–1.88) | 1.34 (1.06–1.70) | 294 | 1.44 (1.20–1.72) | 1.40 (1.17–1.68) |
| GW30
| ||||||||||
| < 36d | 3,464 | 139 | 1 | 115 | 1 | 242 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 36–61 | 3,290 | 184 | 1.39 (1.12–1.74) | 1.33 (1.06–1.66) | 159 | 1.45 (1.14–1.85) | 1.37 (1.08–1.74) | 259 | 1.12 (0.94–1.34) | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) |
| 62–114 | 3,378 | 184 | 1.36 (1.09–1.69) | 1.30 (1.04–1.62) | 134 | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 237 | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) |
| 115–268 | 3,249 | 193 | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) | 1.38 (1.11–1.72) | 161 | 1.49 (1.17–1.90) | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) | 261 | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) |
| ≥ 269 | 3,169 | 243 | 1.91 (1.55–2.35) | 1.74 (1.41–2.14) | 179 | 1.70 (1.34–2.15) | 1.50 (1.18–1.90) | 279 | 1.27 (1.06–1.50) | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) |
a
Sum of inorganic and methylated arsenic species.
b
Test for linear trend p < 0.05 for all exposures levels (GW8, GW30, and average) except diarrhea for GW30, adjusted for mother’s education, asset index, parity, BMI, gestational age, and infant’s sex.
c
Mean urinary arsenic concentrations at GW8 and GW30.
d
Reference group.