Figure 4. Induction of robust HIV-1- and M. tuberculosis-specific T cells by the BCG.HIVA²²² prime - mMVA.HIVA.85A boost regimen.

(A) Groups of 5 BALB/c mice received either BCG.HIVA²²² (B²²²) (i and vii–ix) or no vaccine (ii–v) on week 0, followed by rMVA(s) (ii–ix) as indicated on the top of the graphs or no vaccine (i) at week 12. On week 16, mice were killed and their HIV-1 (H and II)- and mycobacterium (P11, P15 or PPD)-specific responses were determined in an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay using MHC class I (H and P11) or class II (II and P15)-restricted peptides. Results are shown as individual animal responses (black dots) with group means (horizontal bars). (B) The functionality of vaccine-induced CD8⁺ T cell responses was assess in a multicolour intracellular cytokine staining assay. The group mean frequencies of single-, double- or triple-cytokine-producing H- or P11-specific cells following background subtraction are shown for the three regimens indicated above the graphs.