Table 1.
Effects of naloxone and naloxonazine on the alterations of sleep-wake architecture parameters induced by EAc of Anmain (EX17) acupoints in rats.
| Manipulationd | Hour | L : D cyclee | Number of boutsa | Bout durationb | Transitionsc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WAKEf | NREMSf | REMSf | WAKE | NREMS | REMS | ||||
| ipPFS + PFS | 1–12 | D | 3.98 ± 0.31 | 5.06 ± 0.45 | 1.58 ± 0.26 | 18.54 ± 2.20 | 1.67 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.10 | 26.94 ± 2.31 |
| ipKetamine + PFS | 1–12 | D | 3.52 ± 0.36 | 4.40 ± 0.46 | 1.20 ± 0.24 | 24.12 ± 2.97* | 1.44 ± 0.15 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 25.93 ± 2.62 |
| ipKetamine + PFS + EAc | 1–12 | D | 3.43 ± 0.30 | 4.75 ± 0.46 | 1.38 ± 0.24 | 20.57 ± 2.65 | 2.13 ± 0.20# | 0.54 ± 0.09 | 28.81 ± 2.60 |
| ipKetamine + naloxone + EAc | 1–12 | D | 3.20 ± 0.44 | 3.48 ± 0.58 | 1.21 ± 0.26 | 29.17 ± 3.53$ | 1.15 ± 0.20$ | 0.66 ± 0.11 | 28.22 ± 3.51 |
| ipKetamine + naloxonazine + EAc | 1–12 | D | 3.19 ± 0.43 | 4.27 ± 0.65 | 0.98 ± 0.21$ | 26.16 ± 3.30 | 1.26 ± 0.17$ | 0.48 ± 0.10 | 27.93 ± 3.53 |
Values are means ± SEM.
a Number of bouts per hour (mean ± SEM) for each vigilance state; bMean (±SEM) bout duration (min) for each vigilance state; cNumber of transitions from one behavioral state to another (mean ± SEM) per hour; dExperimental manipulation; ePeriod of the light : dark cycle immediately prior to which injections were given: D = dark period; fVigilance states: WAKE, wakefulness; NREMS, non-rapid eye movement sleep; REMS, rapid eye movements sleep; *Denotes a statistically significant difference (P < .05) between values obtained after administration of ipPFS + PFS and those obtained after receiving ipketamine + PFS; #Depicts a statistically significant difference (P < .05) between values obtained after ipketamine + PFS + EAc and those obtained after ipketamine + PFS; $Depicts a statistically significant difference (P < .05) after either receiving naloxone or naloxonazine.