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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Rev. 2011 May;241(1):206–227. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01015.x

Fig. 1. Environmental stimuli and their receptors that program tolerogenic DCs.

Fig. 1

A broad range of stimuli including microbial components, tissue antigens (mannosylated antigens, glycoconjugate), and apoptotic cells interact with specific receptors on DCsand program DCs to a tolerogenic state. Various anti-inflammatory cytokines and immunosuppressive agents also programDCs to acquire tolerogenic properties and promotethe induction of IL-10, IDO, and TGF-β that are critical for promoting T-regulatory response, orinducethe expression cell surface molecule such as ILT3/4, PDL1/2, ICOS-L, B7.H, CD95L that promotes T-cell anergy or deletion.