Figure 2.

Associations between alcohol dependence in females and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ADCY7 locus. (A) Genomic organization of the ADCY7 Reference Sequence (RefSeq) on chromosome 16, generated from University of California at Santa Cruz genome browser with hg19 coordinates. Introns are displayed as thin lines between exons (thick marks). Arrowheads show orientation of the gene on the chromosome. The single nucleotide polymorphisms investigated are indicated, with the marker most significantly associated with dependence (rs2302717) highlighted. A marker (rs1078151) in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) (r² = 1) with rs230271 is also indicated. Upper lane indicates genomic coordinates (base pairs; hg19) on chromosome 16. (B) The LD structure around the ADCY7 locus is shown. Diamonds are colored in a white-to-red scale corresponding to r² values from 0 to 1 with rs2302717. Markers genotyped in this study are highlighted in bold; those part of the four single nucleotide polymorphisms-haplotype associated with alcohol dependence are underlined. Estimated recombination rates in (B) are from HapMap and gene annotations from University of California at Santa Cruz genome browser with hg18 coordinates.