Fig. 5.

Role of virus replication in fitness, apoptosis, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Percentages of infected cells (A), viral progeny (B), and cells undergoing apoptosis (C) and levels of TNF-α (D), IL-6 (E), and IL-8 (F) after 72 hpi with DENV3/290, inactivated DENV3/290, DENV3/5532, or inactivated DENV3/5532 or mock infection are indicated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni test; values represent means ± SD of the results of five different experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; #, P < 0.05 (compared to the native virus strain).