Table 2.
Baseline psychophysical variables
| Psychophysical variables | Responders |
Nonresponders |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saline | Remifentanil | Saline | Remifentanil | |
| Temperature (C°) | 50.5 (±1.5) | 50.2 (±1.8) | 51.1 (±1.9) | 51.1 (±2.2) |
| Thermal pain (VAS) | 5.3 (±0.1) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 4.9 (±0.4) | 5.1 (±0.6) |
| Punctate pain (VAS) | 2.3 (±1.4) | 2.4 (±1.4) | 2.1 (±1.2) | 2.1 (±1.5) |
| Punctate intensity (VAS) | 3.7 (±1.2) | 4.0 (±1.0) | 3.7 (±1.4) | 3.4 (±0.9) |
| Tranquility (VAS) | 7.3 (±1.6) | 7.4 (±1.5) | 7.8 (±1.5) | 7.6 (±1.8) |
| Sociability (VAS) | 6.7 (±1.3) | 6.7 (±1.5) | 7.3 (±1.4) | 7.6 (±1.4) |
| Physical sedation (VAS) | 3.0 (±1.1) | 3.1 (±1.5) | 2.9 (±1.5) | 2.5 (±1.8) |
| Mental sedation (VAS) | 2.9 (±2.0) | 3.2 (±1.8) | 3.4 (±1.7) | 2.5 (±2.4) |
| End tidal CO2 (mmHg) | 41.3 (±3.1) | 40.4 (±3.9) | 40.6 (±5.2) | 40.8 (±3.7) |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 15 (±3) | 16 (±3) | 15 (±3) | 14 (±3) |
| Hemoglobin saturation (%) | 98.4 (±0.8) | 98.4 (±1.4) | 98.3 (±0.7) | 98.8 (±0.2) |
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | 59 (±8) | 58 (±8) | 55 (±6) | 58 (±6) |
The baseline psychophysical variables measured were the temperature of the stimulus, intensity of the noxious stimuli (thermal pain, punctate pain, and punctate stimulus), mood (tranquility, sociability, physical sedation, and mental sedation), and cardio-respiratory measures (end-tidal CO2, respiratory rate, hemoglobin saturation, and pulse rate). Group mean values and the ±SD of these variables in responders and nonresponders at baseline in the saline visit and remifentanil visit are shown. Measurement units are shown within the parentheses in column 1. There are no significant subgroup or visit influences on any of these variables.