Table 2.

Application of ascorbic acid derivatives.

	Ref
ASC-G
Quasidrug principal ingredient in skin care products	[3]
Food additive	[3]
Medical additive in commercial cosmetics	[3]
Skin antioxidant	[10]
Prevention of sinusoidal endothelial cell apotosis in preserved graft	[10]
High stability against thermal and oxidative degradation	[9]
Rapid conversion to ascorbic acid by α-glucosidase in the blood	[10]
Solubilization of clarithromycin (CAM)	[11]
Nanoparticle formation of CAM	[11]
Stabilization of CAM nanosuspension	[11]
ASC-8
Solubilization of phenacetin, danthron, anthralin, and retinoic acid	[12]
Solubilization capacity of anthralin: ASC-8 < −10 < −12 < −14 < −16	[12]
ASC-P
Cosmetic ingredients	[5]
Solubilization of drug	[5]
Decrease viscosity of gel formulation	[5]
Skin moisturizing and penetration effect of ASC-P entrapped in SLN, NLC, and NE incorporated into hydrogel	[21]
Antioxidant	[17–20, 23]
Stabilization of ASC-P by encapsulation in PLA nanoparticles	[22]
Skin permeation enhancer	[24]
Cytotoxicity against cancer cell	[25, 26]
ASC-P vesicles (Aspasomes)	[28]
ASC-S
Cosmetic ingredients	*
Cytotoxicity against cancer cell	[27]
ASC-DP
Cosmetic ingredients	*
Antioxidant (skin whitening action)	[29]
Extended the stability of adhesive transdermal pharmaceuticals	[29]
Nanoparticle formation with DSPE-PEG	[31]
Drug encapsulation in ASC-DP/DSPE-PEG	[31]

*Final report on the safety assessment of ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl stearate, erythorbic acid, and sodium erythorbate.

Int. J. Toxicol.,18,1-26 (1999).