Figure 3.

Cellular miRNAs known to interact with RNA viruses. The direct and indirect interactions between cellular miRNA molecules or cellular proteins (blue) with the viral genome (black bar) or viral proteins (red) are depicted. Blue arrows from the cell indicate negative effect of miRNAs on the virus, and a dotted blue line indicates the indirect interaction (see the text in detail). The IFN-β treatment (an orange winding arrow) induces several miRNAs, whereas it downregulates (X) miR-122 essential for HCV replication (a red ribbon arrow). Red thin arrows indicate the RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) activity of viral proteins.