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Relative CYP3A4 mRNA expression (fold increase over vehicle control) for β-actin using GAPDH as the reference gene, following treatment of HepG2 cells with Echinaforce (E: 22 μg mL−1) or with vehicle control [0.1% ethanol (EtOH)] for 96 h. A value of 1 denotes no increase over the control. The values are the average of three independent experiments ± SE.
