Table 1.
Chemical constituents and their reported activities of A. camphorata.
| No. | Compound name | Source | Biological activity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terpenoids | ||||
| 1 | Antrocin | F | [19] | |
| 2 | 19-Hydroxylabda-8(17)-en-16,15-olide | F | In vitro neuroprotective | [28] |
| 3 | 3β,19-Dihydroxylabda-8(17),11E-dien-16,15-olide | F | In vitro neuroprotective | [28] |
| 4 | 13-epi-3β,19-Dihydroxylabda-8(17),11E-dien-16,15-olide | F | In vitro neuroprotective | [28] |
| 5 | 19-Hydroxylabda-8(17),13-dien-16,15-olide | F | In vitro neuroprotective | [28] |
| 6 | 14-Deoxy-11,12- didehydroandrographolide | F | In vitro neuroprotective | [28] |
| 7 | 14-Deoxyandrographolide | F | [28] | |
| 8 | Pinusolidic acid | F | [28] | |
| 9 | Antcin A | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [30, 64, 65] |
| 10 | Antcin B (Zhankuic acid A) | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [18, 30, 64–66] |
| 11 | Antcin C | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic | [65, 67] |
| 12 | Antcin D (Zhankuic acid F) | F | [23] | |
| 13 | Antcin E | F | [21] | |
| 14 | Antcin F | F | [21] | |
| 15 | Antcin G | F | [21] | |
| 16 | Antcin H (Zhankuic acid C) | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [18, 64–66] |
| 17 | Antcin I (Zhankuic acid B) | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [66] |
| 18 | Antcin K | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [66] |
| 19 | Methyl antcinate A | F | [25] | |
| 20 | Methyl antcinate B | F | In vitro anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [64, 65] |
| 21 | Zhankuic acid D | F | [25] | |
| 22 | Methyl antcinate G | F | [21] | |
| 23 | Methyl antcinate H | F | [21] | |
| 24 | Zhankuic acid E | F | ||
| 25 | Dehydroeburicoic acid | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal | [64, 65, 67] |
| 26 | Dehydrosulphurenic acid | F | In vitro anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [64, 65] |
| 27 | 15α-Acetyl-dehydrosulphurenic acid | F | In vitro anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [64, 65] |
| 28 | Eburicoic acid | F | In vitro anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [64, 65] |
| 29 | Sulphurenic acid | F | In vitro anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [64, 65] |
| 30 | Versisponic acid D | F | ||
| 31 | Eburicol (24-methylenedihydrolanosterol) | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [30] |
| 32 | 3β, 15α-Dihydroxy lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-21-oic acid | F | In vitro anti-insecticidal and cytotoxic | [64, 65] |
| 33 | 3β-Hydroxy lanosta- | F | [17] | |
| 34 | β-Sitosterol | F | [28] | |
| 35 | β-Sitostenone | F | [28] | |
| 36 | Stigmasterol | F | [28] | |
| 37 | Ergosterol | F | [28] | |
| 38 | Ergosta-4,6,8(14)22-tetraen-3-on3 | F | [30] | |
| 39 | epi-Friedelinol | F | [30] | |
| Benzenoids | ||||
| 40 | 1,4-Dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5-methylbenzene | F | In vitro cytotoxic | [68] |
| 41 | 1,4-Dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5-benzoate | F | [24] | |
| 42 | 1,6-Dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-4-benzoic acid | F | [24] | |
| 43 | Antrocamphin A | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [30] |
| 44 | Antrocamphin B | F | [30] | |
| 45 | 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxybenzoyl chloride | F | [30] | |
| 46 | Antrodioxolanone | F | [30] | |
| 47 | Isobutylphenol | [34] | ||
| Lignans | ||||
| 48 | (+) Sesamin | F | [20] | |
| 49 | 4-Hydroxy sesamin | F | [20] | |
| 50 | (−) Sesamin | F | [20] | |
| Benzoquinone derivatives | ||||
| 51 | 5-Methyl-benzo(1,3)-dioxole-4,7-dione | M | [20] | |
| 52 | 2-Methoxy-5-methyl(1,4)benzoquinone | M | In vitro anti-oxidant | [20] |
| 53 | 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl(1,4)benzoquinone | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [20, 30] |
| Succinic and Maleic derivatives | ||||
| 54 | trans-3-Isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [33] |
| 55 | trans-1-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydoxyphenyl)-4-isobutylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [33] |
| 56 | 3R*,4S*-1-Hydroxy-3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (antrodin D or Camphorataimide E) | F, M | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-HBV and anti-HCV | [29, 33, 69] |
| 57 | cis-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutyldihydrofuran-2,5-dione | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [33] |
| 58 | 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [33] |
| 59 | 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutylfuran-2,5-dione (Antrocinnamomin C) | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [33, 35] |
| 60 | 3-Isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]furan-2,5-dione (antrodin A or Camphorataanhydride A) | M | In vitro anti-HBV and anti-HCV | [29, 69] |
| 61 | Dimethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isobutylmaleate | F | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [33] |
| 62 | 3-Isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (Antrodin B or Camphorataimide B) | M, B | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-HBV and anti-HCV | [26, 29, 69] |
| 63 | Antrocinnamomin D | M | [35] | |
| 64 | 3-Isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-nyloxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrrol-1-ol-2,5-dione (antrodin C or) Camphorataimide C) | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-HBV and anti-HCV | [28, 31, 70] |
| 65 | Antrocinnamomins A | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [37] |
| 66 | 3R*,4R*-1-Hydroxy-3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (Antrodin E or Camphorataimide D) | M | In vitro anti-HBV and anti-HCV | [31, 70] |
| 67 | Antrocinnamomins B | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [37] |
| Miscellaneous compounds | ||||
| 68 | 2,2′,5,5′-Tetramethoxy-3,4,3′,4′-bi-methylenedioxy-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl | F | In vitro anti-HBV | [71] |
| 69 | α-Tocospiro B | F | [30] | |
| 70 | Methyl oleate | F | [20] | |
| 71 | Antroquinonol | M, F | In vitro cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-HBV | [12, 32, 72] |
| 72 | Adenosine | M | Prevention of PC 12 cells apoptosis | [37] |
| 73 | Cordycepin | M | [37] | |
| 74 | 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde | M | Prevention of PC 12 cells apoptosis | [31] |
| 75 | Antroquinonol B | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [36] |
| 76 | 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [36] |
| 77 | 2,3-(methylenedioxy)-6-methylbenzene-1,4-diol | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [36] |
| 78 | 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol | M | In vitro anti-inflammatory | [36] |
F: Fruiting bodies; M: Mycelium; B: Culture broth.