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List of various “bottom up” processes and influence on particle properties.
| Bottom up processes | Properties controlled |
|---|---|
| Crystallization | (i) Size, shape |
| (ii) Crystalline structure—Crystalline/amorphous | |
| (iii) Polymorph | |
|
| |
| Precipitation | (i) Size, shape |
| (ii) Surface area | |
|
| |
| Encapsulation in polymers | (i) Size, shape |
| (ii) API concentration | |
| (iii) Particle nanostructure | |
|
| |
| Chemical reactions | (i) Size, shape |
| (ii) Purity | |
| (iii) Surface area | |
