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. 2010 Oct 25;2011:238208. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep021

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Copyright © 2011 Che-Ming Hung et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Quantitative analysis of IL-2, INF-, IL-4 and IL-12 mRNA expression in cultured chicken peripheral lymphocytes treated with different GGS doses at 24 h after ConA stimulation. (a) Representation of mRNA expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Mr.: 100-bp ladder of DNA markers; NC: normal cultured chicken peripheral lymphocytes (Week 8) without ConA stimulation; –: no GGS; GGS_L: low-dose GGS treatment group; GGS_M: medium-dose GGS treatment group; GGS_H: high-dose GGS treatment group. The results are representative of three experiments. (b) The relative mRNA expression levels in control and different GGS-treated groups were quantified by a densitometer. The signal from GAPDH RT-PCR products in each sample was used as an internal control in each mRNA calculation. *P < .05; **P < .01.