Table 4.
Results of the pre- and post-training assessment on participants’ cognitive functioning and quality of life
| Test | Group |
Performance |
ANOVA |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | Post-training | Group effect | Training effect | Group x training | ||
| CMMSE | CRC TC |
24.53 (1.92) 25.33 (3.28) |
25.07 (3.37) 23.56 (3.84) |
F(1, 22) = 0.095, P = 0.760 | F(1, 22) = 1.106, P= 0.304 | F(1, 22) = 3.814, P= 0.064b |
| CDRS | ||||||
| Total | CRC TC |
119.53 (13.01) 108.22 (14.96) |
124.60 (11.01) 106.33 (16.70) |
F(1, 22) = 7.143, P = 0.014a | F(1, 22) = 1.223, P = 0.281 | F(1, 22) = 5.859, P= 0.024a |
| Attention | CRC TC |
34.13 (2.42) 35.67 (1.87) |
34.73 (1.71) 35.44 (2.88) |
F(1, 22) = 1.788, P = 0.195 | F(1, 22) = 0.207, P = 0.653 | F(1, 22) = 0.982, P = 0.332 |
| Initiation/perseveration | CRC TC |
27.53 (5.14) 24.00 (6.04) |
30.06 (4.81) 22.56 (5.98) |
F(1, 22) = 7.238, P = 0.013a | F(1, 22) = 1.297, P = 0.267 | F(1, 22) = 10.027, P = 0.004a |
| Construction | CRC TC |
5.27 (1.28) 4.89 (1.05) |
5.40 (1.35) 5.11 (0.78) |
F(1, 22) = 0.503, P = 0.486 | F(1, 22) = 1.027, P = 0.323 | F(1, 22) = 0.064, P = 0.803 |
| Conceptualization | CRC TC |
33.33 (4.86) 29.22 (6.63) |
33.27 (4.17) 29.22 (6.65) |
F(1, 22) = 3.620, P = 0.070b | F(1, 22) = 0.002, P = 0.965 | F(1, 22) = 0.002, P = 0.965 |
| Memory | CRC TC |
19.27 (2.73) 14.44 (4.93) |
20.6 (2.85) 14.00 (3.91) |
F(1, 22) = 16.854, P < 0.01a | F(1, 22) = 0.876, P = 0.359 | F(1, 22) = 3.506, P = 0.075b |
| PWI | CRC TC |
44.73 (11.95) 59.61 (8.91) |
50.04 (9.39) 54.79 (10.31) |
F(1, 22) = 7.471, P = 0.012a | F(1, 22) = 0.027, P = 0.872 | F(1, 22) = 4.140, P = 0.054b |
Notes:
a
Statistically significant results, P < 0.05;
b
Marginally insignificant results, P ≤ 0.075. Number of subjects: CRC = 15, TC = 9.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; CDRS, Chinese version of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; CMMSE, Chinese version of the Mini-mental State Examination; CRC, Community Recreational Center group; PWI, The Personal Well-being Index; TC, Training Center group.