Figure 3. Real-time response profiles of cellular respiration, glycolysis, and impedance upon cisplatin treatment of cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

Cisplatin treatment started after 5 h of equilibration of cancer cell tissue cultures in the biosensor chip system and was continued over 20 h. RM (running medium) marks cisplatin free medium; exposure marks the time when cisplatin was presented at the indicated concentrations (cisplatin-free control, 10 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM). A, change in respiration (oxygen in the medium). B, glycolysis, depicted as change in acidification of the medium (extracellular pH). C, change in impedance of the cell layer (potential between interdigitated electrodes) using four cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231.