Table 2.
Growth, DXA, pQCT and Bone Turnover Marker Results for Patients with Thalassemia and Healthy Controls
| Thal (n=25) | Control (n=34) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 18 yrs | >18 yrs | ≤ 18 yrs | > 18yrs | p-value | |
| Weight-for-Age Z-score | −1.5 ± 1.2 (25) |
−0.1 ± 0.9 (34) |
<0.001 | ||
| −1.7 ± 1.4 (14) |
−1.2 ± 0.9 (11) |
−0.1 ± 0.9 (19) |
−0.2 ± 0.9 (15) |
<0.001, 0.01 | |
| Height-for-Age Z-score | −1.8 ± 1.3 (25) |
0.1 ± 1.1 (34) |
<0.001 | ||
| −2.3 ± 1.5 (14) |
−1.3 ± 0.9 (11) |
0.2 ± 1.2 (19) |
−0.1 ± 1.0 (15) |
<0.001, 0.008 | |
| Body Mass Index Z-score | −0.4 ± 0.7 (25) |
−0.2 ± 0.7 (34) |
NS | ||
| −0.3 ± 0.6 (14) |
−0.5 ± 0.8 (11) |
−0.2 ± 0.8 (19) |
−0.1 ± 0.6 (15) |
NS | |
| Lean Mass Index Z-score |
−1.2 ± 0.8 (25) |
−0.2 ± 0.7 (34) |
0.001 | ||
| −1.2 ± 0.8 (14) |
−1.3 ± 0.9 (11) |
−0.1 ± 0.8 (19) |
−0.4 ± 0.6 (15) |
<0.001, 0.009 | |
| Fat Mass, kg | 10.3 ± 4.6 (25) |
10.2 ± 5.1 (34) |
NS | ||
| 8.2 ± 4.3 (14) |
13.0 ± 3.7 (11) |
9.6 ± 4.7 (19) |
11.1 ± 5.6 (15) |
NS, NS | |
| % Body Fat | 24.9 ± 6.5 (25) |
21.1 ± 5.5 (34) |
0.02 | ||
| 25.5 ± 5.7 (14) |
24.2 ± 7.7 (11) |
20.3 ± 5.5 (19) |
22.2 ± 5.3 (15) |
0.01,NS | |
| Spine aBMD Z-score | −2.1 ± 1.1 (25) |
0.1 ± 0.9 (34) |
<0.001 | ||
| −2.1 ± 1.2 (14) |
−2.1 ± 1.0 (11) |
0.0 ± 1.0 (19) |
0.3 ± 0.6 (15) |
<0.001,<0.001 | |
| WB BMC Z-Score | −1.9 ± 1.4 (22) |
0.5 ± 0.9 (27) |
<0.001 | ||
| −1.8 ± 1.7 (14) |
−2.0 ± 0.9 (n=8) |
0.6 ± 0.9 (19) |
0.3 ± 0.7 (n=8) |
<0.001,<0.001 | |
| Trabecular vBMD Z-Score | −0.3 ± 2.0 (25) |
0.0 ± 1.1 (34) |
NS | ||
| 0.4 ± 2.0 (14) |
−1.2 ± 1.4 (11) |
0.1 ± 1.2 (19) |
−0.2 ± 0.9 (15) |
NS / 0.03 | |
| Cortical vBMD Z-Score | 0.2 ± 1.1 (25) |
0.0 ± 1.0 (34) |
NS | ||
| 0.5 ± 0.9 (14) |
−0.1 ± 1.3 (11) |
0.2 ± 1.1 (19) |
−0.3 ± 0.8 (15) |
NS / NS | |
| Cortical Area Z-Score | −2.1 ± 1.3 (25) |
−0.1 ± 1.1 (34) |
<0.001 | ||
| −2.3 ± 1.4 (14) |
−2.0 ± 1.0 (11) |
0.0 ± 1.1 (19) |
−0.3 ± 1.1 (15) |
<0.001,<0.001 | |
| Cortical BMC Z-Score | −2.1 ± 1.3 (24) |
−0.1 ± 1.1 (33) |
<0.001 | ||
| −2.1 ± 1.4 (14) |
−2.0 ± 1.2 (10) |
0.1 ± 1.1 (19) |
−0.4 ± 1.0 (14) |
<0.001, 0.001 | |
| Endosteal Circumference Z-Score |
0.2 ± 1.1 (25) |
−0.1 ± 1.0 (34) |
NS | ||
| 0.0 ± 1.2 (14) |
0.4 ± 0.9 (11) |
−0.3 ± 1.1 (19) |
0.2 ± 0.8 (15) |
NS, NS | |
| Periosteal Circumference Z-score |
−1.4 ± 1.0 (25) |
−0.1 ± 1.1 (34) |
<0.001 | ||
| −1.5 ± 1.2 (14) |
−1.2 ± 0.8 (11) |
−0.2 ± 1.2 (19) |
−0.1 ± 1.0 (15) |
0.003, 0.003 | |
| Cortical Thickness Z-score |
−2.1 ± 1.2 (24) |
0.0 ± 1.0 (33) |
<0.001 | ||
| −2.2 ± 1.4 (14) |
−2.0 ± 1.0 (10) |
0.3 ± 1.0 (19) |
−0.4 ± 0.9 (14) |
<0.001, 0.001 | |
| Section Modulus Z-Score | −1.6 ± 1.2 (24) |
−0.2 ± 1.1 (33) |
<0.001 | ||
| −1.8 ± 1.4 (14) |
−1.4 ± 0.9 (10) |
−0.2 ± 1.2 (19) |
−0.2 ± 0.9 (14) |
<0.001, 0.004 | |
Mean ±SD (number of subjects)
% body fat by Dual x-ray absorptiometry
pQCT: peripheral quantitative computed tomography, performed on the left tibia at 3%, 38% and 66% proximal to the reference line.