Table 3.

Adjusted Odds Ratios for GAD Groups by Demographic and Potential Clinical Risk Factors

Effect	GAD pre- pregnancy only Group A N=105			GAD in pregnancy Group B N=152			Both GAD pre- pregnancy and in pregnancy Group C N=116
	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
Age
<25	0.76	(0.52, 1.12)	0.16	0.75	(0.56, 1.00)	0.05	0.80	(0.54, 1.18)	0.26
25–34	REF
35+	0.65	(0.36, 1.18)	0.15	0.81	(0.53, 1.24)	0.34	0.42	(0.20, 0.89)	0.02
Race/Ethnicity
White	REF
Black	0.87	(0.36, 2.07)	0.75	1.58	(1.02, 2.43)	0.04	1.62	(0.86, 3.04)	0.13
Hispanic	1.03	(0.54, 1.97)	0.92	0.87	(0.60, 1.27)	0.48	0.75	(0.43, 1.31)	0.31
Education (years)
<12	1.75	(1.03, 2.97)	0.04	1.05	(0.68, 1.62)	0.81	2.48	(1.47, 4.20)	0.001
12	1.42	(0.63, 3.21)	0.39	0.83	(0.42, 1.62)	0.59	1.66	(0.70, 3.94)	0.25
13–15	2.32	(1.23, 4.38)	0.01	2.11	(1.37, 3.27)	0.001	3.00	(1.50, 6.00)	0.002
16+	REF
Social support (one unit increase)	1.01	(0.65, 1.56)	0.98	0.73	(0.54, 0.99)	0.04	0.55	(0.35, 0.87)	0.01
History of child abuse	0.79	(0.41, 1.51)	0.47	1.31	(0.82, 2.07)	0.26	2.11	(1.17, 3.80)	0.01
Number of prior GAD episodes
0–1	REF
2–3	2.49	(1.63, 3.79)	<.0001	1.25	(0.84, 1.88)	0.27	2.29	(1.42, 3.68)	0.001
4+	7.30	(5.05, 10.56)	<.0001	2.79	(2.01, 3.89)	<.0001	7.44	(4.93, 11.21)	<.0001
Number of relatives with GAD
0	REF
1	1.19	(0.60, 2.33)	0.62	1.06	(0.66, 1.69)	0.81	1.36	(0.60, 3.07)	0.46
2+	1.12	(0.74, 1.69)	0.60	1.15	(0.87, 1.52)	0.31	1.42	(0.86, 2.33)	0.17