Table 2.

Pain and disability scores during follow-up

The level of pain was measured using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), and functional disability was assessed with the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. The VAS score ranged from 0 to 10 (maximum pain), and the Oswestry score ranged from 0 to 100 (maximum severity). Repeated ANOVA was used to calculate the differences within each group during the follow-up. Significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative scores were found in each group (p < 0.05). A t-test was used to calculate the differences between the groups. No significant differences were found between the groups.