Table 3.
Linear regression model predicting the association between Preschool Language Scale-4 and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II 36-month child outcomes and protective and high-risk infant temperament and environment factors (Easy Infant Temperament, Difficult Infant Temperament, High-Risk Environment) and PPVT Caregiver Receptive Language (regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals).
| Preschool Language Scale-4 | Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables in the Model |
Auditory Comprehension (n=265) |
Expressive Communication (n=263) |
Total Language (n=263) |
Mental Development Index (n=276) |
Psychomotor Development Index (n=273) |
| Prenatal MA Exposure |
1.75 (−4.82, 8.32) |
2.22 (−3.18, 7.62) |
2.44 (−3.39, 8.26) |
3.14 (−1.91, 8.18) |
2.35 (−1.92, 6.62) |
| High-Risk Environment |
−2.77 (−5.61, 0.08) |
−2.32 (−4.65, 0.02) |
−2.68* (−5.20, −0.17) |
1.06 (−1.18, 3.29) |
−0.16 (−2.06, 1.75) |
| Caregiver Receptive Language |
0.87 (−1.93, 3.67) |
1.60 (−0.69, 3.89) |
1.41 (−1.06, 3.88) |
−0.02 (−2.12, 2.09) |
0.11 (−1.65, 1.86) |
| Easy Infant Temperament |
−0.23 (−2.75, 2.29) |
−1.46 (−3.54, 0.62) |
−1.02 (−3.27, 1.22) |
0.92 (−0.98, 2.82) |
0.18 (−1.42, 1.79) |
| Difficult Infant Temperament |
0.01 (−2.52, 2.54) |
0.49 (−1.60, 2.57) |
0.41 (−1.83, 2.66) |
−1.37 (−3.32, 0.59) |
−1.31 (−2.98, 0.359) |
| Prenatal Tobacco Exposure |
−1.21 (−7.36, 4.93) |
−1.72 (−6.77, 3.32) |
−1.35 (−6.80, 4.09) |
−1.09 (−5.78, 3.61) |
0.71 (−3.27, 4.66) |
| Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |
−2.89 (−9.03, 3.25) |
1.56 (−3.47, 6.59) |
0.07 (−5.35, 5.49) |
0.92 (−3.77, 5.62) |
1.06 (−2.91, 5.04) |
| Prenatal Marijuana Exposure |
2.75 (−4.68, 10.18) |
0.15 (−5.97, 6.27) |
0.58 (−6.02, 7.17) |
−2.55 (−8.26, 3.15) |
−3.93 (−8.77, 0.90) |
| SGA | −3.67 (−13.87, 6.52) |
−7.51 (−16.10, 1.07) |
−6.73 (−15.99, 2.53) |
−3.98 (−11.33, 3.38) |
−3.65 (−9.9, 2.55) |
| Low Birth Weight | −4.80 (−15.88, 6.28) |
−0.60 (−9.78, 8.57) |
−3.32 (−13.22, 6.57) |
−4.26 (−12.03, 3.52) |
−1.02 (−7.58, 5.5) |
| Gender | −.899 (−5.96, 4.16) |
−4.74* (−8.90, −0.58) |
−3.31 (−7.79, 1.18) |
−8.62*** (−12.5, −4.73) |
−4.40** (−7.66, −1.13) |
| Average SES | 0.37* (0.004, 0.72) |
0.16 (−0.14, 0.46) |
0.294 (−.027, 0.61) |
0.38** (0.10, 0.66) |
0.31* (0.08, 0.55) |
| Mean Total Neighborhood Quality |
−0.52 (−4.87, 3.83) |
0.99 (−2.56, 4.55) |
0.55 (−3.29, 4.39) |
1.22 (−2.16, 4.60) |
−0.41 (−3.29, 2.48) |
| Home Total-30 month assessment |
0.99* (0.24, 1.73) |
0.52 (−0.09, 1.13) |
0.85* (0.19, 1.51) |
0.45 (−0.14, 1.03) |
0.06 (−4.34, 0.56) |
| Site | −4.04** (−7.05, −1.02) |
−2.77* (−5.24, −0.31) |
−3.62** (−6.28, −0.96) |
−2.40* (−4.74, −0.04) |
−1.77 (−3.78, 0.212) |
*
P<.05
**
P<.01
***
P<.001