Table 2.
Child Health Questionnaire mean (SD) scores
| Dutch norm | On-dex | Norm versus on-dex p |
Off-dex | Norm versus off-dex p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Functioning | 99.3 (4.3) | 60.5 (26.2) | <0.001 | 66.3 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Role Limitations: emotional/behaviour | 97.9 (13.9) | 83.3 (26.2) | 0.031 | 87.4 (13.8) | 0.011 |
| Role Limitations: physical | 95.8 (15.6) | 62.0 (33.2) | <0.001 | 65.6 (37.0) | 0.007 |
| Bodily Pain | 85.7 (17.2) | 66.7 (32.4) | 0.023 | 73.1 (20.2) | 0.025 |
| General Behaviour | 78.5 (13.1) | 69.6 (16.9) | 0.040 | 70.6 (14.2) | 0.041 |
| Mental Health | 81.4 (12.1) | 72.2 (16.3) | 0.029 | 74.4 (14.4) | 0.069 |
| Self-esteem | 79.2 (11.0) | 70.0 (13.3) | 0.005 | 67.2 (19.5) | 0.032 |
| Parental Impact: emotional | 86.3 (15.2) | 74.1 (18.3) | 0.011 | 71.9 (20.2) | 0.012 |
| Parental Impact: time | 94.0 (13.0) | 64.8 (26.7) | <0.001 | 64.6 (25.4) | <0.001 |
| Family Activities | 91.5 (11.9) | 69.2 (19.7) | <0.001 | 70.3 (20.4) | 0.001 |
| Family Cohesion | 72.2 (19.4) | 63.3 (19.2) | 0.066 | 63.1 (21.0) | 0.105 |
| Physical Summary Score Z-score* |
56.4 (5.7) | 33.4 (13.4) | <0.001 | 37.9 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| Psychosocial Summary Score Z-score* | 53.2 (6.4) | 48.5 (8.9) | 0.040 | 48.8 (7.5) | 0.046 |
Higher scores indicate a better QoL. There were no significant differences in on-dex and off-dex scores. Dutch norm scores consist of a sample of healthy school-aged children [27]. Imputed mean general health subscale scores (based on a previous study [22], see methods): on-dex 47.5 and off-dex 50.0.
* Physical and Psychosocial CHQ summary scores based on a factor-analytical model on U.S. population samples. A score of 50 represents the mean in the general U.S. population.