a, We injected equal titers of the mCherry expressing control retrovirus (redRubi) and the EGFP expressing miR-132 sponge retrovirus (miR-132sp) in vivo, which resulted in the labeling of control granule cells (red) situated in close proximity to miR-132 knockdown cells (green), as shown for a brain slice on the electrophysiology set-up. b, To activate common inputs to both cells, we placed a stimulating electrode in the perforant path and made simultaneous recordings from control (red) and sponge-expressing cells (green). c,d, The evoked EPSC was much smaller in granule cells expressing the sponge (green) compared to control (red). e,f, The paired pulse ratio (PPR) did not differ between control and sponge (green) cells (p = .82 , paired t-test, n = 4 pairs). All recordings were at −70 mV in solution containing 1 mM Mg2+ and SR-95531.