Table 1.
Demographic data for studies included in the review
| Authors | Study Sample | Age | Cancer Stage | Time Since Diagnosis or Surgery1 | Income or Education |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashing-Giwa et al., 2004 | n = 26 Latina | Latina M = 56 years, range = 40–73 | 0 Latinas stage 0 | Latina M = 4 years | Not provided |
| n = 18 non-Latina White | 5 Latinas stage 1 | ||||
| n = 24 Black | 7 Latinas stage 2 | ||||
| n = 34 Asian American | 5 Latinas stage 3 | ||||
| 0 Latinas stage 4 | |||||
| 9 Latinas stage unknown | |||||
| Ashing-Giwa et al., 20075 | n = 183 Latina | Latina M = 50 | 18 Latinas stage 0 | Latina M = 2.9 years | 87 Latinas <25 K |
| n = 179 non-Latina White | 59 Latinas stage 1 | 36 Latinas 25–45 K | |||
| n = 135 Blacks | 75 Latinas stage 2 | 27 Latinas 45–75 K | |||
| n = 206 Asian American | 28 Latinas stage 3 | 23 Latinas >75 K | |||
| Latinas reported significantly lower income than other groups of women | |||||
| Ashing-Giwa et al., 2009 | n = 183 Latina | *M = 55.03 years, range 29–62 | *332 women stage 1 | *M = 2.98 years, SD = 1.67 | *205 women <25 K |
| n = 179 non-Latina White | 267 women stage 2 | 312 women 25–75 K | |||
| n = 135 Blacks | 95 women stage 3 | 186 women >75 K | |||
| n = 206 Asian Americans | Latinas significantly younger at diagnosis than other ethnic groups | ||||
| Lim et al., 2009 | n = 183 Latina | Latinas M = 53.45 years, SD = 11.5 | 18 Latinas stage 0 | Latinas M = 2.93 years, SD = 1.6 | 90 Latinas <25 K |
| n = 206 Asian | 59 Latinas stage 1 | 39 Latinas 25 K – 45 K | |||
| 75 Latinas stage 2 | 29 Latinas >45 K–75 K | ||||
| No significant differences in age between Latinas and Asian women | 28 Latinas stage 3 | No significant differences between ethnic groups | 25 Latinas >75 K | ||
| Latinas significantly more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage than Asians | Latinas reported significantly lower income than Asians | ||||
| Bowen et al., 2007 | n = 95 Latina | *M = 55.55 years, SD = 10.4 | *179 women in situ | *6.1, 24, and 35 months | *54 women < = 10 K |
| n = 486 non-Latina White | 453 women localized | 86 women >10 K–20 K | |||
| n = 199 Black | 172 women regional (unstaged) | 93 women >20 K–30 K | |||
| n = 24 Other | 168 women >30 K–50 K | ||||
| 211 women >50 K–70 K | |||||
| 113 women >70 K | |||||
| Carver et al., 20036 | n = 60 Latina | *M 2 = 53.59 years, SD = 12.41 | *10 women stage 0 | *≤1 year post surgery | *M = 14.25 years, SD = 2.87 |
| Study 1 | n = 26 Black | 135 women stage 1 | *<8 weeks | ||
| n = 149 non-Latina White | 90 women stage 2 | ||||
| Study 2 | n = 16 Latina | *M 2 = 50.37 years, SD = 9.24 | *9 women stage 0 | *Years of education for full sample 15.71 years, SD = 5.33 | |
| n = 5 Black | 47 women stage 1 | ||||
| n = 72 non-Latina White | 41 women stage 2 | ||||
| n = 4 Other | |||||
| Petronis et al., 2003 | n = 62 Latina | *M = 53.61 years, SD = 12.42 | *11 women stage 0 | *≤1 year post surgery | *Years of education at diagnosis for full sample 14.25 years, SD = 2.89 |
| n = 25 Black | 135 women stage 1 | ||||
| n = 150 non-Latina White | 90 women stage 2 | ||||
| Spencer et al., 1999 | n = 48 Latina | *M = 53.75 years, SD = 12.62 | *10 women stage 0 | *≤1 year post surgery | *Years of education at diagnosis for full sample 14.39 years, SD = 2.80 |
| n = 24 Black | 128 women stage 1 | ||||
| n = 151 non-Latina White | 85 women stage 2 | ||||
| Carver et al., 20057 | n = 32 Latina | * M = 54.18 years Age at diagnosis, SD = 10.61 | *5 women stage 0 | *5–13 years post surgery | *Years of education at diagnosis for full sample 14.18 years, SD = 3.44 |
| n = 114 non-Latina White | 101 women stage 1 | ||||
| n = 17 Black | 57 women stage 2 | ||||
| Carver et al., 2006 | n = 32 Latina | * M = 54.18 years Age at diagnosis, SD = 10.61 | *5 women stage 0 | *5–13 years after diagnosis | * Years of education at diagnosis for full sample 14.18 years, SD = 3.44 |
| n = 114 non-Latina White | 101 women stage 1 | ||||
| n = 17 Black | 57 women stage 2 | ||||
| Clauser et al., 2008 | *n = over 5,500 | Not provided for women with breast cancer | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided |
| Culver et al., 2002 | Sample 1 | Sample 1 | Sample 1 | *2 days prior to surgery | Sample 1 |
| n = 4 Latina | *M = 53.72 years, SD = 11.14 | * 55 women stage 1 | 7 days post surgery | *M = 14.63 years, SD = 2.56 | |
| n = 1 Black | 20 women stage 2 | 3, 6, 12 months post surgery | |||
| n = 70 non-Latina White | |||||
| Sample 2 | Sample 2 | Sample 2 | Sample 2 | ||
| n = 49 Latina | *M = 56.29 years, SD = 10.27 | *5 women stage 0 | *M = 9.04 years, SD = 4.244 | ||
| n = 7 Black | 21 women stage 1 | ||||
| 30 women stage 2 | |||||
| Eversley et al., 2005 | n = 29 Latina | Latina M = 47 years, range 29–68 | 7 Latinas stage 1 | *All women diagnosed within the past 2 years | Latina M monthly income $1,119, range $0–$3,500 |
| n = 35 Black | 13 Latinas stage 2 | ||||
| n = 35 non-Latina White | 7 Latinas stage 3 | Non-Latina Whites reported significantly greater income than all other groups of women. | |||
| n = 17 Other | 2 Latinas stage 4 | ||||
| Whites significantly more likely to be diagnosed with stage 1 than women from all other groups. | |||||
| Fatone et al., 2007 | n = 12 Latina | *M = 54.10 years, SD = 10.54 | *9 women stage 1–2 | *13 women diagnosed between 1998–20013 | *7 women some high school or less |
| n = 8 Black | 3 women stage 3–4 | 7 women diagnosed in 1997 or earlier | 13 women high school graduate or some college | ||
| 8 unknown stage | |||||
| Fobair et al., 2006 | n = 45 Latina | *n = 107 Age <40 years | * 88 women in situ | *253 women = 2–4 months | *102 women 12 years or less of school |
| n = 389 non-Latina White | n = 442 Age ≥40 years | 248 women localized | 275 women = 5–7 months | *446 women >12 years of school | |
| n = 29 Black | 213 women regional (unstaged) | 20 women = 8 months or more | |||
| n = 86 Asian | |||||
| Friedman et al., 2006. | n = 22 Latina | *M = 52 years, SD = 10.2 | Not provided | *M = 26 months, SD = 33.5 | *14 less than 8 years |
| n = 45 Black | 14 some high school | ||||
| n = 14 non-Latina White | 24 high school/GED | ||||
| 22 some college | |||||
| 7 college graduate | |||||
| Fu et al., 2009 | n = 63 Latina | n = 22 Latinas <45 | 2 Latinas stage 0 | 42 Latinas <2 years | 29 Latinas <10 K |
| n = 58 non-Latina White | n = 16 Latinas 45–54 | 17 Latinas stage 1 | 18 Latinas 2–5 years | 11 Latinas 10 K–50 K | |
| n = 18 Black | n = 13 Latinas 55–64 | 27 Latinas stage 2 | 3 Latinas >5 years | 8 Latinas 50 K–100 K | |
| n = 9 Latinas 65+ | 8 Latinas stage 3 | 3 Latinas >100 K | |||
| *M = 52.5, range = 26–90 | 9 Latinas stage not reported | 12 Latinas income not reported | |||
| Giedzinska et al., 2004 | n = 78 Latina | M = 51.4, range 30–74 Latinas | * Women were stage 0, 1, or 2 | Latina M = 3.07 years, SD = 1.21 | 3 Latinas <15 K |
| n = 233 Black | 18 Latinas 15 K–30 K | ||||
| n = 77 Asian American | 25 Latinas 30 K–45 K | ||||
| n = 233 non-Latina White | Latinas significantly younger than non-Latina Whites and Blacks | 8 Latinas 45 K–60 K | |||
| No significant differences between ethnic groups | 11 Latinas 60 K–75 K | ||||
| 4 Latinas 75 K–100 K | |||||
| 5 Latinas >100 K | |||||
| Non-Latina Whites and Asians reported significantly higher income than Latinas. | |||||
| Janz et al., 2009 | n = 344 Latina | Latinas high acculturation | Latina high acculturation | *Women diagnosed between 2005–2007 | Latinas high acculturation |
| n = 386 Black | n = 34 age <50 years | 16 stage 0 | 22 < High School diploma | ||
| n = 726 non-Latina White | n = 50 age 50–70 years | 41 stage 1 | 17 High School diploma | ||
| n = 160 high acculturation Latina | n = 16 > 70 years | 29 stage 2 | 61 > High School diploma | ||
| n = 184 low acculturation Latina | Latina low acculturation | 14 stage 3 | Latina low acculturation | ||
| n = 30 age <50 years | Latina low acculturation | 70 < High School diploma | |||
| n = 58 age 50–70 years | 21 stage 0 | 20 High School diploma | |||
| n = 13 > 70 years | 35 stage 1 | 10 > High School diploma | |||
| Latinas more likely to be <50 years than non-Latina Whites | 33 stage 2 | ||||
| 12 stage 3 | |||||
| Maly et al., 2010 | n = 492 Latina | * M = 50.8 years, SD = 9.5 | Not provided | *M = 180 days, SD = 20.8 | * 377 women < High School |
| n = 54 Black | 534 women ≥ High School | ||||
| n = 292 non-Latina White | |||||
| n = 68 Asian/Pacific Islander | |||||
| n = 15 Other | |||||
| Maly et al., 2008 | n = 99 Latina | * M = 68.7 years, SD = 8.5 | *Only 8% of sample had greater than stage 2 | * M = 8.20 months, SD = 2.7 | 51.5% of Latinas < 20 K |
| n = 66 Black | 10.9% of Whites < 20 K | ||||
| n = 92 non-Latina White | No significant differences between ethnic groups | No significant differences between racial/ethnic groups | Latinas reported significantly lower income than non-Latina Whites | ||
| Yoon et al., 2008 | n = 103 Latina English speaker | *n = 416 Age 50–59 | *173 women in situ | * M = 223 days after diagnosis | *288 women < 20 K |
| n = 104 Latina Spanish speaker | n = 198 Age 60–64 | 487 women stage 1 | 244 women 20 K–39 K | ||
| n = 112 Black | n = 349 Age 65–74 | 368 women stage 2 | 687 women 40 K+ | ||
| n = 834 non-Latina White | n = 256 Age 75–99 | 50 women stage 3 | |||
| n = 66 Other | 19 women stage 4 | ||||
| 122 women unknown stage |
*Data only for breast cancer patients belonging to all ethnic groups
1When time since diagnosis was not available time since surgery was provided
2Data for the study comes from two recruitment samples
3Study published in 2007 and no other information on time since diagnosis provided
4Mean values on education were reported for each recruitment sample
5Ashing Giwa et al., 2007, and Ashing Giwa et al., 2009 are the same data set and Lim et al., 2009 is from an overlapping dataset
6Spencer et al., 1999, Carver et al, 2003 and Petronis et al., 2003 are overlapping data sets
7Carver et al. (2005) and Carver et al. (2006) used the same data set